Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aqa A Level Psychology Eating Behaviour > Psychological Explanations to AN > Flashcards

Psychological Explanations to AN Flashcards

1
Q

How many psychological explanations of AN are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 5 psychological explanations of AN

A

1) Cultural ideals
2) Media influences
3) Ethnicity
4) Peer influences
5) Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline cultural ideals in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Widely held belief that western standards of attractiveness are an important contributory factors to the development of AN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What study relates to cultural ideals in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Gregory (00) - National Diet & Nutrition Survey of Young People

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline Gregory (00)

A

Found 16% of 15-18year old girls in UK ‘currently on a diet’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline media influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Major source of influence for body image attitudes maintained by Western adolescents - e.g. portrayal of thin models on TV and magazines significant contributory factor in body image concerns and drive or thinness among Western adolescent girls - but media does not influence everyone in the same way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What study relates to media influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Jones & Buckingham (05)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Outline Jones & Buckingham (05)

A

Individuals with low self-esteem more likely to compare themselves in idealised images portrayed in media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Outline ethnicity in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Other cultural groups do not place same value on thinness as an ideal for women - incidence of AN in non-western cultures and in black populations in western cultures much lower than within white western population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 2 studies relating to ethnicity in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

1) Grabe & Hyde (06)

2) Pollack (95)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline Grabe & Hyde (06)

A

Meta-analysis of 98 studies - found difference between African-American and Caucasian and Hispanic females - African-Americans reported significantly less body dissatisfaction than other 2 groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline Pollack (95)

A

In many non-western cultures like Fiji and the Caribbean, there are more positive attitudes towards large body sizes, which are associated with attractiveness fertility and nurturance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline peer influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Peer acceptance is particularly important during adolescences so they may be particularly susceptible to peer influence on patterns of disordered eating - a specific mechanism of peer influence is teasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 2 studies relating to peer influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

1) Eisenberg (05)

2) Jones & Crawford (06)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Outline Eisenberg (5)

A

Dieting among friends is significantly related to unhealthy weight control behaviours like the use of diet pills and purging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outline Jones & Crawford (06)

A

Found overweight girls and underweight boys were most likely to be teased by their peers, suggesting that through teasing, peers serve to enforce gender-biased ideals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the study which looked into the effect of childhood on development of AN?

A

Hilde Bruch (73)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Outline Hilde Bruch (73)

A

Claimed origins AN in early childhood - distinguished between effective parents who respond appropriately to child’s needs (feeding them when hungry), and ineffective parents who fail to respond to child’s internal needs (comforting them when hungry) - children of ineffective parents may grow up confused about their internal needs, becoming overly reliant on parents - adolescence increases desire to establish autonomy, but adolescents are often unable to do so, feeling do not own their bodies - to overcome sense of helplessness, can take excessive control over body shape and size by developing abnormal eating habits

19
Q

What are the 2 aspects of personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

1) Perfectionism

2) Impulsiveness

20
Q

Outline perfectionism for personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Concern for mistakes - often found in individuals with An and other eating disorders

21
Q

What study relates to perfectionism for personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Strober (06)

22
Q

Outline Strober (06)

A

Retrospectively evaluated personality traits in teenage boys and girls receiving treatment for AN and found high levels of perfectionism in 73% of girls and 50% of boys

23
Q

Outline impulsiveness for personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Recent research show individuals with AN act more impulsively than they self-report

24
Q

What study relates to impulsiveness for personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Butler & Montgomery (05)

25
Q

Outline Butler & Montgomery (05)

A

Found that compared to normal control group, patients with An responded rapidly (but inaccurately) to performance task, indicating behavioural impulsiveness, despite low self-reported impulsiveness

26
Q

Evaluate cultural ideals in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Hoek (98) set out to test view that AN is rare in non-western cultures - examined records of 44,192 people admitted to hospital 1987-89 in non-westernised Caribbean island where it is acceptable to be overweight - found 6 cases - a rate they claim is within ranges of AN reported western countries

27
Q

Evaluate media influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Evidence for the role of media in shaping perceptions of body image comes from studies of societies where TV has been introduced - eating attitudes and behaviours studies among adolescent Fijian girls following introduction of TV in 1995 - Becker (02) girls stated desire to lose weight and become more like western TV characters - however Yamamiya (05) showed that instructional intervention prior to media exposure to idealised female images prevents adverse effect of exposure

28
Q

Evaluate ethnicity in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Not all studies have found differences in incidence of AN between black and white groups

29
Q

What are the 2 studies relating to the evaluation of ethnicity in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

1) Cachelin & Regan (06)

2) Roberts (06)

30
Q

Outline Cachelin & Regan (06)

A

Found no significant differences in prevalence of disordered eating between African-American and white Caucasian groups

31
Q

Outline Roberts (06)

A

Stereotypical view white populations have higher incidence of AN than black populations appears to be only true in older adolescents

32
Q

What is the study relating to the evaluation of peer influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Shroff & Thompson (06)

33
Q

Outline Shroff & Thompson (06)

A

Found no correlation between friends on measures of disordered eating in an adolescent sample

34
Q

Evaluative peer influences in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

Research not always show significant relationship between peer influence and development of AN - although Jones & Crawford found overweight girls and underweight boys more likely to be teased, gender differences do not emerge until adolescence

35
Q

What are the 3 studies and pieces of evidence for the evaluation of Bruch’s psychodynamic explanation in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

1) Steiner (91)
2) Bruch found many of these parents claimed to anticipate children’s needs rather than ever letting them feel hungry
3) Button & Warren (01)

36
Q

Outline Steiner (91)

A

Theory supported by observations that parents of adolescents with AN have tendency to define children’s physical needs rather than allowing children to define their own

37
Q

Outline Button & Warren (01)

A

Research also supports Bruch’s claim that people with AN rely excessively on opinions of others, worry about how others view them and feel a lack of control over their lives

38
Q

What is the main negative point about personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

There are methodological issues - these include separating out lasting personality traits from short-lived states that may be caused by starvation - in addition, there is a frequent reliance on clinically diagnosed samples, which represents a biased view of relationship between personality and disordered thinking

39
Q

What are the 2 studies for the evaluation of perfectionism for personality in terms of psychological explanations of AN?

A

1) Halmi (00)

2) Nilsson (99)

40
Q

Outline Halmi (00)

A

Investigated relationship between perfectionism and AN in 322 women with history of AN across Europe and the US - results showed individuals with history of AN scored significantly higher on the multidimensional perfectionism scale when compared to a comparison group of healthy women - in addition, extent of perfectionism directly relates to severity of AN experiences by the women - researchers also included patients with relatives who also suffered from AN and enlisted them - results showed perfectionism as personality trait appears to run in families and therefore represents genetic vulnerability (diathesis) for development of AN

41
Q

Outline Nilsson (99)

A

Longitudinal study - shows importance of perfectionism in duration of AN - individuals who had short illness duration had lower levels of perfectionism and those with high levels more at risk of long illness duration

42
Q

Name the 2 IDA points in terms of psychological explanations of AN

A

1) Ethical issues

2) Real-world application

43
Q

Explain the ethical issues for psychological explanations of AN

A

Researchers turning to internet communities as rich source of data relating to AN from those who have actually had the disorder or those who support them - however, raises concerns relating to privacy, informed consent, protection of confidentially and potential harm of research

44
Q

Explain the real-world application for psychological explanations of AN

A

Research demonstrating harmful effect of media for body dissatisfaction and eating disorders has had some effect on the fashion industry - fashion industry in France has signed a charter which involves a pledge by fashion houses, advertising agencies and magazine editors to use a diversity of body types and not to stereotype the ‘thin ideal’

Aqa A Level Psychology Eating Behaviour (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions