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Boards > Anatomy: Nerves and Muscles > Flashcards

Anatomy: Nerves and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Long thoracic nerve innervates

A

serratus anterior –> holds scapula to thorax

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2
Q

Damage to long thoracic nerve

A

winged scapula

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3
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

infraspinatus –> external rotation

supraspinatus –> abducts arm

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4
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve

A

pectoralis major –> flexion, adduction, and medial rotation

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5
Q

Upper subscapular nerve

A

subscapularis –> internal rotation

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6
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve

A

latissimus dorsi –> extension, adduction, transverse extension, flexion from an extended position and internal rotation

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7
Q

Lower subscapular nerve

A

teres major –> medial rotation and adduction

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8
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

biceps, coracobrachialis, and brachialis –> major flexors of arm

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9
Q

Axillary nerve

A

deltoid –> abduction

teres minor –> lateral rotation of the humerus

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10
Q

Radial nerve

A

triceps and extensors –> extend forearm

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11
Q

Medial nerve

A

pronators and thenar muscles –> pronate the arm

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12
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, interosseus, hypothenar –> flex and adduct the hand

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13
Q

Major function of muscles innervated by radial nerve

A

extend forearm, wrist, and fingers

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14
Q

Sensation provided by radial nerve

A

posterior arm, dorsal side of hand

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15
Q

Muscles innervated by radial nerve

A

BEST - brachioradialis, extensors, supinator, triceps brachii

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16
Q

Key pathologic finding with radial nerve injury

A

wrist drop

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17
Q

Pathology that occurs with compression of radial nerve against spiral groove of the humerus

A

Saturday night palsy –> wrist drop, difficulty straightening fingers, numbness on the back of the hand and posterior arm

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18
Q

What nerve is damaged with fracture to the shaft of the humerus?

A

radial nerve

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19
Q

What muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

hypothenar muscles –> control hand and 5th digit
3rd and 4th lumbricals –> flex at MCP and extend at IP joints
Interosseous –> abducts and adducts digits
Adductor pollicis –> adducts thumb

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20
Q

What areas are provided with sensation by the ulnar nerve?

A

5th digit and half of 4th digit

medial side of palm and dorsal hand

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21
Q

What does damage to the proximal ulnar nerve cause? (i.e. fracture of medial epicondyle)

A

loss of flexion of the wrist and digits

-looks like pt is make the OK sign with digits 1-3

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22
Q

What does damage to the distal ulnar nerve cause? (i.e. fractured hook of hamate)

A

Ulnar claw - MCP joint hyperextension and IP joint flexion at 4th and 5th digits

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23
Q

What deficits can be seen with ulnar nerve injury?

A

loss of sensation to half of 4th digit and 5th digit, weak abduction and adduction of digits, hypothenar wasting

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24
Q

What is the major function of the muscles innervated by the median nerve?

A

flexion and pronation

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25
Q

What muscles are innervated by the median nerve?

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus –> pronate hand
flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus –> flex forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis and lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus –> flex wrist and digits
flexor pollicis longus –> flexes thumb
1st and 2nd lumbricals –> flex MCP joints and extend IP joints

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26
Q

What sensation is provided by the median nerve?

A

lateral palm and first 3 1/2 digits

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27
Q

What pathology is seen with median nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Ape hand - loss of thumb abduction

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28
Q

What pathology is seen with median nerve injury above the elbow?

A

Hand of benediction - loss of flexion of the 2nd and 3rd digits

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29
Q

What pathology is seen with entrapment of the median nerve under the flexor retinaculum?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome - numbness of the first 3 1/2 digits

-can also be damaged with suicide attempt by slitting wrists

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30
Q

What muscles are innervated the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis –> flex and supinate forearm

31
Q

What sensation is provided by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

sensation to the lateral side of the forearm

32
Q

What pathology is seen with damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

decreased flexion and supination of forearm

33
Q

What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

deltoid –> abducts shoulder
long head of triceps –> extends forearm
teres minor –> externally rotates arm

34
Q

What sensation is provided by the axillary nerve?

A

lateral shoulder

35
Q

What pathology can be seen with injury of the axillary nerve?

A

loss of abduction + weak flexion, extension and rotation of shoulder
loss of sensation to lateral shoulder

36
Q

What types of injury are associated with damage to the axillary nerve?

A

dislocation of the shoulder

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

37
Q

What artery runs with the axillary nerve and can be damaged with fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

posterior circumflex artery

38
Q

What muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?

A

Serratus anterior –> holds scapula to the thorax

39
Q

What pathology is associated with damage to the long thoracic nerve?

A

winged scapula

-due to blow to the neck or shoulder or after radical mastectomy

40
Q

What deficit is seen with damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Erb palsy (Waiter’s tip) - arm hangs by side, is medially rotated, arm extended and pronated

41
Q

What types of injury cause Erb palsy?

A

infants - lateral traction on neck during delivery, adults - trauma

42
Q

What nerves are damaged with injury to the upper trunk?

A

suprascapular - infraspinatus, supraspinatus
musculocutaneous - biceps brachii
axillary - deltoid
-roots C5 and C6

43
Q

What deficits are seen with damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Klupke’s palsy - total claw hand

  • lumbricals can’t flex MCP joints and can’t extend DIP and PIP joints
  • lose sensation to inner hand, inner forearm
44
Q

What types of injury cause Klumpke’s palsy?

A

infants - upward force on arm during delivery, adults - grabbing onto a tree branch to break fall

45
Q

What nerves are damaged in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

C8-T1 roots

-primarily damage to ulnar nerve

46
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels –> results in same presentation as Klumpke’s palsy + ischemia/pain/edema due to vascular compression

47
Q

What types of injury cause thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

pancoast tumor, cervical rib fracture

48
Q

What motor function does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

hip flexors - psoas, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius

knee extensors

49
Q

What sensation does the femoral nerve provide?

A

anterior thigh, medial lower leg

50
Q

What nerve is injured in a pelvic fracture?

A

femoral nerve

51
Q

What nerve is injured in an anterior hip dislocation?

A

obturator nerve

52
Q

What motor innervation does the obturator nerve supply?

A 
hip adduction (main function)  
knee flexion
53
Q

What sensation does the obturator nerve supply?

A

medial thigh

54
Q

What motor innervation does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

hip abduction, medial rotation

NO SENSATION

55
Q

What nerve is damaged if a patient is showing Trendelenburg gait?

A

superior gluteal nerve - tilt pelvis to contralateral side of injury

56
Q

What nerve is commonly damaged in polio?

A

superior gluteal nerve

57
Q

What nerve is injured with a posterior hip dislocation?

A

superior gluteal nerve or inferior gluteal nerve

58
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus to cause hip extension and lateral rotation?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

59
Q

What nerve is injured in a hip replacement?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

60
Q

What nerve is injured if a pt can’t stand up or walk up stairs?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

61
Q

What is the motor innervation of the sciatic nerve?

A

hip extension and knee flexion

62
Q

What sensation is provided by sciatic nerve?

A

posterior thigh and gluteal regions, entire lower leg except medial aspect

63
Q

What pathologies can lead to damage of the sciatic nerve?

A

intervertebral disc herniation, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis

64
Q

What motor innervation is provided by the tibial nerve?

A

plantar flexion, unlocks knee, toe flexion

65
Q

What sensation is provided by the tibial nerve?

A

sole of the foot, back of the calf

66
Q

What nerve is damaged with knee injuries?

A

tibial nerve

67
Q

What nerve is damaged with lateral knee trauma?

A

deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve)

68
Q

What does damage to the deep fibular nerve cause?

A

foot drop

69
Q

What motor innervation is provided by the deep fibular nerve?

A

foot eversion, foot dorsiflexion

70
Q

What sensation is provided by the deep fibular nerve?

A

webbing of the first and second digits

71
Q

What pathologies are associated with injury to the common fibular nerve?

A

foot drop, fracture of the neck of fibula, habitual leg crossing, chronic compression

72
Q

What sensation is provided by the common fibular nerve?

A

lateral lower leg, dorsal side of foot (top of foot)

73
Q

What motor innervation is provided by the common fibular nerve?

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, short head of the biceps femoris

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