Chapter 40

Question 1

MC benign causes of abnormal bleeding

Answer 1

submucosal leiomyomas and polyps

Question 2

what is TA US performed for?

Answer 2

survey of anatomy

Question 3

what is TV US performed for?

Answer 3

evaluation of internal architecture of uterus, cervix and vagina

Question 4

MC cystic lesion of vagina

Answer 4

Gartner’s duct cyst

Question 5

pathway of vagina

Answer 5

anterior and caudal from cervix

Question 6

most common congenital abnormality of GYN and what does it cause

Answer 6

imperforated hymen causing obstruction.

hydrometra, hematometra and pymetra

Question 7

best approach to evaluate vaginal area

Answer 7

translabial

Question 8

upper limit for vaginal cuff

Answer 8

2.1cm

Question 9

causes of fluid in posterior cul-de-sac

Answer 9

ovulation, ruptured cyst, ascites, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst and infection

Question 10

length of servic

Answer 10

2-4cm

Question 11

MC finding in cervix

Answer 11

nabothian cyst AKA epithelial inclusion cyst

Question 12

cause of nabothian cyst

Answer 12

chronic cervicitis and obstructed dilated transcervical gland

Question 13

benign protrusion through ectocervix

Answer 13

cervical polyp

Question 14

presentation of cervical stenosis

Answer 14

fluid filled uterine cavity
oligomenorrhea
amenorrhea
dysmenorrhea

Question 15

presentation of cervical carcinoma

Answer 15

areas of echogenicity or hypoechoic areas with irregular outline
may mimmic leiomyoma
retrovesical mass +- obstruction of ureters

women of menstrual age
vaginal discharge

Question 16

MC gynecologic tumors

Answer 16

myomas

Question 17

what population are myomas more common in

Answer 17

African american

Question 18

what makes myomas more hypoechoic than myometrium

Answer 18

hyalinization (albuminoid mass in cell)

Question 19

when does myoma grow?

Answer 19

premenopausal women, especially during pregnancy
retracts after menopause

estrogen dependent

Question 20

what are myomas made out of?

Answer 20

smooth muscle

Question 21

presentation of myomas

Answer 21

enlarged uterus
bleeding
pain

Question 22

causes of uterine calcification

Answer 22

myomas

calcification of arcuate artery in periphery

Question 23

conditions associated with uterine calcification

Answer 23

calcific sclerosis
DM
HTN
Monkckeberg’s arteriosclerosis

Question 24

adenomyosis

Answer 24

enlarged uterus without discrete mass 
thickening of posterior myometrium
can have cysts 
swiss cheese/honey comb 
posterior enhancement 
>2.5mm from basal layer
diffuse or focal (adenomyoma)

abnormal uterine bleeding
cyclic pelvic pain

Question 25

treatment for adenomyosis

Answer 25

hormonal therapy