Chapter 4: The Northern Renaissance

Question 1

Christian Humanism

Answer 1

Christian Humanists study classical texts, though they sought to give Humanism a specifically Christian focus. Christian (Northern) Humanists often studied religious texts and piety.

Northern Humanists wanted moral and institutional reform, especially for the churches.

Question 2

Erasmus

Answer 2

The most influential northern humanist. Erasmus edited the works of church fathers, as well as translate the New Testament into Greek and Latin. A devout Catholic, he wanted to reform the church from within, and even criticized church leaders and the pope for their hypocrisy and corruption.

Question 3

Thomas More

Answer 3

Based in England. Wrote “Utopia,” which featured an ideal society that had religious toleration, humanist education for men and women, and communal property owning.

Question 4

Montaigne

Answer 4

Famous writer during the French Renaissance. Known for popularizing the essay, as well as his use of vivid anecdotes and skeptical tone.

Question 5

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 5

Invented the first movable type printing press, which made the spread of information across Europe much faster.

Question 6

Printing Press

Answer 6

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg. Allowed for the quick spread of humanist works, Bible, etc., as well as made it harder to censor opposing views.

Overall, the printing press promoted free speech, spread of information, made it harder for leaders to control contrary opinions. However, it also made it easier for royalty to issue their royal decrees.

Question 7

Northern Renaissance art characteristics

Answer 7

Northern Renaissance artists invented and perfected oil painting, and the style included painting things precisely as they appeared in reality with meticulous detail. The items within the painting are often symbols.

Question 8

Northern Renaissance artists

Answer 8

1. Jan Van Eyck, Aldofini Wedding
2. Dürer
3. Holbein the Younger