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NAT 502 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 MG/100 mL and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 MG/100 mL, the amino acid will…

A

Appear in the urine

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3
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus?

A

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

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4
Q

One of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

A

Form a large volume of a very dilute urine or a small volume a very concentrated urine

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5
Q

But myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch. True or false

A

False

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6
Q

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. True or false?

A

False

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7
Q

Select the correct statement about the nephrons

A

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple Squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany. True or false

A

False

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9
Q

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin. true or false?

A

False

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10
Q

And illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of biocarbonate rich secretions. How can this metabolism acidosis be compensated?

A

Increased respiratory rate and depth

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11
Q

It is impossible to over hydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions. True or false?

A

False

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12
Q

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ATP)

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13
Q

Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, causing an inbalance in blood fluid, is termed dehydration. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

Total body water is not a function of which of the following

A

Amount of water ingested

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15
Q

The function of angiotensin II is to …

A

Constrict arterioles it increase blood pressure

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16
Q

Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.

A

Peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

Site of filtrate formation.

A

Glomerulus

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18
Q

Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.

A

Collecting duct

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19
Q

Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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20
Q

Low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubule cells.

A

Peritubular capillaries

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21
Q

High pressure vessel that forces fluid and solutes into the glomerular capsule.

A

Afferent arterioles

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22
Q

May form meandering vessels or bundles of long straight vessels

A

Efferent arterioles

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23
Q

Plays a role in urine concentration.

A

Vasa recta.

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24
Q

Efferent arterioles serving the juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Vasa recta

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25
Q

Efferent arterioles serving the cortical nephron.

A

Peritubular capillaries

26
Q

Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.

A

Glomerular capillaries

27
Q

What is Hypermagnesemia?

A

Magnesium excess

28
Q

What is Hypocalcemia

A

Calcium depletion

29
Q

What is Hypernatremia?

A

Sodium excess

30
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Sodium depletion

31
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

Potassium excess

32
Q

What dissociates into ions in water?

A

Electrolytes

33
Q

What does not dissociate in solution?

A

Nonelectrolytes

34
Q

The main fluid compartment outside the cells.

A

Extracellular

35
Q

The main fluid compartment inside the cells.

A

Intracellular

36
Q

Fluid in the spaces between cells

A

Interstitial

37
Q

Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid

A

Aldosterone

38
Q

The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the…

A

renal vein

39
Q

The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they…

A

are derived from and drain into arterioles

40
Q

Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the ….

A

collecting ducts

41
Q

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells? a) sodium, b) potassium, c)amino acids, d) all of the above

A

all of the above

42
Q

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it…

A

is reabsorbed by the tubule cells

43
Q

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to…

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure

44
Q

Tubular reabsorption a) of glucose and many other substances is a Tm-limited active transport process, b) of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of sodium, c) is the movement of substance from the blood into the nephron, d) of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule

A

a) of glucose and many other substance is a Tm-limited active transport process

45
Q

If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has ….

A

a dark yellow color

46
Q

conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to …

A

ketonuria

47
Q

Which of the following is/are true about ADH? a) It promotes obligatory water reabsorption, b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, c) it causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT, d) it promotes sodium reabsorption.

A

b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality

48
Q

Body water content is greater in ….

A

infants

49
Q

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in ….

A

intracellular fluid

50
Q

Sodium balance in regulated primarily by control of amount(s) …

A

excreted in urine

51
Q

Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s) …

A

ingested and excreted in urine

52
Q

Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules are…

A

potassium and sodium

53
Q

Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are…

A

calcium and phosphate

54
Q

Two substance secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are …

A

ammonium ions and hydrogen ions

55
Q

Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma is..

A

bicarbonate

56
Q

Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are…

A

ammonium ions and bicarbonate

57
Q

Substance regulated by ADH’s effects on the renal tubules…

A

water

58
Q

Which of the following factors will enhance ADH release? a) increase in ECF volume, b) decrease in ECF volume, c) decrease in ECF osmolality, d) increase in ECF osmolality

A

decrease in ECF volume & increase in ECF osmolality

59
Q

The pH of blood varies directly with … a) HCO3-, b) Pco2, c) H+, d) none of these?

A

HCO3-

60
Q

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by …

A

rapid, deep breathing

NAT 502 (6 decks)

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