5.1 Flashcards
What is an element made of
one kind of atom (“pure”)
How do you determine the atomic number
the number of protons in that atom
What are valence electrons
the electrons in the outermost shell
What is the max amount of electrons the next fewer shells can have
8
What is the max amount of electrons the first shell can have
2
What is an isotope
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
What are the 2 categories of an isotope
radioactive and nonradioactive
What are 2 examples of an isotope
carbon-14 and radioactive dating
What is an ion
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of electrons
What are the 2 categories of an ion
positive and negative
Atoms combine to form into molecules (Elements)
molecules that contain only one type of atom
Atoms combine to form into molecules (Compounds)
molecules that contain more than one type of atom
How is a covalent bond formed
when one or more electrons are shared between two atoms
How is an ionic bond formed
when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the other (this causes the atom to have charge)
What happens when an element loses an electron
it will have a positive charge and become a positive ion
