5.1 Deontology

Question 1

Categorical Imperative

Answer 1

A moral duty that is universally binding across all circumstances and not dependant upon any contingent requirements or people’s sentiments

Question 2

Hypothetical Imperative

Answer 2

A moral duty that only arises or applies if one desires the contingent goal it is aimed towards

Question 3

Formula of humanity

Answer 3

The second formulation of the categorical imperative, which holds that all rational beings should be treated as ends

Question 4

Imperfect Duties

Answer 4

Moral duties that a person is required to uphold but not in all circumstances or contexts

Question 5

Perfect Duties

Answer 5

Moral duties that a person is obliged to commit to at all times, irrespective of context or situation

Question 6

Agent-Relative

Answer 6

Reasons for action that relate to a person’s own desires, motives and relationships

Question 7

Agent-Neutral

Answer 7

Reasons for action that do not relate to a person’s own desires, motives or relationships and apply to all human beings equally

Question 8

Kingdom of Ends

Answer 8

Kant’s hypothetical utopia, where each person treats everyone else as an end