5.1: Thermal Physics Flashcards
Absolute temperature
A temperature value relative to absolute zero
Absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.
Avogadro constant
The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas
Boltzmann constant
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ temperature.
Boyle’s law
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at a constant temperature.
Brownian motion
The random motion of particles
Change of phase
The transitions between solids, liquids and gases. During a change of phase, there is a change of internal energy but not temperature.
Equation of state of an ideal gas
An equation linking pressure, volume, number of moles, temperature and the ideal gas constant.
Gas
A phase of matter in which the particles are high energy and free to move. Gases will fill the space they are placed in.
Internal energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.
Kelvin
The unit of absolute temperature
Liquid
A phase of matter in which the particles can slide over each other, but still have forces of attraction between each other.
Solid
A phase of matter in which the particles can only vibrate about fixed positions, due to strong intermolecular forces.q
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin.
Specific latent heat
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.
