510-1 : Intro to Histology Flashcards
(69 cards)
What are the 4 tissue types/classes?
Muscular, EPITHELIAL, Nervous, Connective (“MEN C”)
What consists of 2 or more diff types of cells that function together?
tissue (cell->tissue->organ)
What is a structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of 2 or more tissue types?
organ (cell->tissue->organ)
Is epidermis a tissue/organ? Is skin a tissue/organ?
tissue, organ (epidermal+dermal tissue)
____ is the science of preparing tissue for microscopic study, to see the tissues that we’re made of.
Histotechnology
___ for routine, CLINICAL (not so much in research lab) LIGHT microscopy involves 7 steps. Name them. (Mnemonic?)
Histology; Grossing & Fixation = 1 step, Processing, Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Coverslipping, Diagnosis (“George Fixed Patricia’s Engine So She Could Drive”)
After taking, the tissue from the patient, what’s the 1st step of the process for eventual visualization of the tissue?
Grossing (cutting & marking with ink) & Fixation (preservation/stabilization)
In histotechnology, why do we cut up tissue into small tissues? And what do we do afterwards?
To facilitate penetration of fixatives. After, we mark the tissue specimen with ink for ORIENTATION or to SPECIFY a MARGIN.
What’s the purpose of fixing tissue? What’s used to do this?
Stabilizing it to PREVENT ROT/decay by bacteria = preserve it in a “fixative,” and to STIFFEN protein in tissue for ezr slicing.
Aldehydes like FORMALDEHYDE, GLUTERALDEHYDE.
How does the aldehyde preserve/fix tissue against rot/decay?
aldehydes in the fixative agent react with Nitrogen in proteins to form STABLE BRIDGES b/w adjcnt proteins = stiffen the tissue for ezr slicing.
Describe the 2nd step of Histotechnology = Processing.
- H2O with graded series of alcohols (OH).
- OH with xylene or less toxic limonene solvents (in adhesive removers).
- solvents with heated paraffin & other waxes
___ is the histotechnology 3rd step of molding in wax.
Embedding - processed specimens placed in molds of warm liquid PARAFFIN wax. once cool, remove mold so now have cube of wax with tissue inside.
___ is the hisotechnology 4th step of cutting slices.
Sectioning - wax blocks sliced on MICROTOME to 4-5 MICRONS thin slices –this is a fraction of the diameter of most cells (60-100 microns); THEN the ribbon of tissue is transferred to float on warm H2O bath and picked up with glass slide KNOW MICRON PERSPECTIVE
=> one millionth of a meter stick
=> 7.8-8 microns is diameter of 1 RBC. if draw 1,000 lines in between 1 mm on a ruler, this is representative of 1,000 microns!! HEPFUL bec you normally have blood in your tissue specimen so if see RBC you can determine size of things –> if a sxr is about 4 RBC’s wide, then you know it’s about 32 microns wide (8 microns x 4 RBC’s)
=>human hair = 80 microns
=> things
If a structure is 7 RBC’s wide, how wide is it in microns?
~56 microns (7 RBC’s x 8 microns per RBC width)
How many RBC’s can you fit between 1mm?
1 thousand microns in 1 mm, and each RBC is 8 microns in diameter, so 1000microns/8microns = ~125 RBC’s
How thick in diameter are most cells?
60-100 microns
T/F - slicing tissue 4 microns thick will include the whole cell.
F - a cell is about 60-100 microns, so you have cut out only a part of it, which may exclude the nucleus and other organelles, etc.
The 5th step in histotechnology is ___, which involves removing was with solvents and differentiating cell types.
staining
The most widely used stain for light microscopy is ___, the abbreviation for ___ & ___.
H&E, hematoxylin & eosin
___ stains cell nuclei blue/purple, while ___ stains cytoplasm & connective tissue ___/___ & erythrocytes bright ___.
Hematoxylin, Eosin, pink/orange, red.
Because the dyes we use are ___-based, we must first remove the wax from the slide before staining. Wax is removed using solvents like ___, which is miscible in wax as well as removes alcohol in the Processing stage. What remains on the slide after this?
water-based, xylene, only tissue remains on slide.
After removing wax from glass slide with miscible xylene, the tissue can slide right off of the slide - what’s a trick to make tissue stick to slide?
microwave the slide briefly so tissue sticks to slide. the proteins in the tissue will be cooked like an egg and stick.
Coverslips are glued with ___ onto the microscope slide to ___ & ___ the sections by creating an ___-____ ____.
epoxy, protect, preserve, air-tight seal.
_____ & ____ examine the finished slides under a light microscope, but ____ diagnose disease. ____ only know the NORMAL microscopic anatomy while ____ know the normal & abnormal microscopic anatomy.
Pathologists, histologists, pathologists. Histologists, pathologists.
