510-7,8

Question 1

What are the 4 main kinds of papillae?

Answer 1

Circumvallate (largest - back of tongue)
Foliate (lateral folds)
Fungiform (dorsal protuberances of tongue)
Filiform (by far the most common)

Question 2

Where is the border between the body and root of the tongue.

Answer 2

Sulcis terminalis (apex of which is foramen secum)

Remember: body derived from tubercular impar (1st pharangeal arch)
Root derived from the copula (3rd pharangeal arch)

Question 3

What cranial nerve has motor control of the tongue?

Answer 3

Cranial nerve XII

Question 4

Which papillae have taste buds?

Answer 4

Circumvallate, foliate, and fungiform

Filiform (most numerous) - do not have taste buds.

Question 5

Why do tastes fade?

Answer 5

Von Ebner’s glands constantly secrete saliva into clefts where taste buds are found.

Question 6

What are some histologically relevant attribute to fungiform papillae?

Answer 6

Vascular/nerve indentations that intrude nearly to the surface. This will be obvious because it should be in a sea of filiform papillae.

Question 7

Which nerves innervate the taste buds?

Answer 7

VII, IX, and X

VII - body of tongue innervation
IX and X - Root of the tongue (for some reason this includes the curcumvallate papillae).

Question 8

Name 4 things in the lamina propria (part of the tongue mucosa) of the tongue.

Answer 8

lymph follicles, mucous glands, muscle (intrinsic), adipose tissue

Question 9

In a mucous secreting lingual gland, how would you tell the difference between an adipose cell and a duct?

Answer 9

Ducts have a thick epithelial-like wall.

Question 10

Name two parts of the lingual tonsil.

Histologically describe.

Answer 10

Lingual crypts (to catch food), and lymphoid follicles.

• look for big, brightly stained Lymphoid Follicles close to the surface of the tonsil and Mucous Glands directly inferior

Question 11

Why is the foramen cecum of embryological note and where is it?

Answer 11

Site of the embryological thyroid and beginning of its medial path downward. It is on the back of the tongue.

Question 12

The lymphatic system is a closed loop system

Answer 12

False. It’s a one-way system from the capillaries to the large veins.

Question 13

Where to lymph nodes tend to cluster?

Answer 13

Around the flexible joints.

Question 14

Do lymph nodes have their own blood supply?

Answer 14

Yes. Each node has an artery and vein, which aids in rapid response to infection.

Question 15

Describe the flow of lymph through a node.

Answer 15

From the afferent lymphatic vessel into the spherical node, around the nodules, and into the medulla before exiting the efferent lymphatic vessel.

Question 16

Histologically describe a lymph node

Answer 16

Stains darker on the outside - the medulla is lighter. There should be follicles (nodules) on the very outside of the cortex.

Question 17

What’s the inside of a lymph node follicle called?

Answer 17

Germinal Center

Question 18

Describe the Waldeyer’s Ring

Answer 18

aka Tonsillar Ring. The lymphatic tissue surrounding the posterior orifice of the oral and nasal cavities.

Question 19

What are the 4 main tonsils in the Waldeyer’s (tonsillar) Ring?

Answer 19

Adenoid (pharangeal) and Tubal

Palatine and Lingual

Question 20

Where are the Adenoid and Tubal tonsils located?

Answer 20

Adenoid - roof of nasopharynx

Tubal - lateral walls nasopharynx posterior to auditory tube.

Question 21

Where are the palatine and lingual tonsils located?

Answer 21

Palatine “the tonsils” - back of soft palate

Lingual - base of tongue

Question 22

Name 3 characteristics of tonsillary crypts.

Answer 22

smooth epithelial layer, deep crypts, lymphatic nodules with light colored germinal centers.

Question 23

Why is mucous important to the tonsillar cleft?

Answer 23

Cleft cleansing, especially during infections.