Axial Skeleton

Question 1

what are the regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• caudal

Question 2

what joints allow the head to move somewhat independently of the neck?

Answer 2

• atlantooccipital joint

- atlantoaxial joint

Question 3

the diaphragm contracts during ____ causing the dome to move ____.

Answer 3

• inspiration

- caudally

Question 4

what is ventilation matched with during locomotion?

Answer 4

stride frequency

Question 5

what is the region where most of the movement that contributes directly to locomotion take place?

Answer 5

lumbar region

Question 6

the flexibility of the lumbar spine increases as you progress (cranially/caudally)

Answer 6

caudally

Question 7

how is the sacrum connected to the pelvis?

Answer 7

sacroiliac joint

Question 8

what does the tail assist with?

Answer 8

• balance and control
• behavior expression
• breed specific traits

Question 9

what is the role of IV disks?

Answer 9

to withstand compressive forces

Question 10

what part of the IV disk is the hydraulic shock absorber?

Answer 10

nucleus pulposus

Question 11

what part of the IV disk is mostly collagen?

Answer 11

anulus fibrosus

Question 12

what IV disk disease has chondroid metaplasia?

Answer 12

hansen type I

Question 13

what IV disk disease has fibroid metaplasia?

Answer 13

hansen type II

Question 14

~85% of disk extrusions are located where?

Answer 14

thoracolumbar

Question 15

what causes “Wobbler Syndrome?”

Answer 15

cervical vertebral instability