Lecture 20 Flashcards
Why might we want to sequence a human genome?
Able to see what genes produce what proteins.
A human cell has two genomes. Where are they?
One in the nucleus and one in the mitochondria.
Which of the human genomes has more space between genes?
Nuclear genome has more space between genes.
Can the mitochondria produce all the genes it requires for function?
Most genes in mitochondria have migrated to the nuclear genome. So it requires some genes in nuclear genome to function.
Approximately how many genes are there in the human genome?
~25000 genes
Approximately how much of the nuclear genome is coding sequence?
1.5%
How much of the human genome consists of transposon sequences?
44.7%
Can human transposons transpose?
Very few transposons sequences in humans are able to transpose.
What is the relationship between a retrotransposon and a retrovirus?
They both are able to undergo reverse transcriptase.
What is the major difference between LINEs and SINEs? What is missing in a SINE?
LINES are long sequences that can encode reverse transcriptase which enables it to move autonomously. SINEs are short sequences that does not encode reverse transcriptase and therefore are not able to move autonomously.
How does reverse transcriptase break the rules of central dogma? (thus proving it
incomplete)
.
Give three examples of the applications of genomics
.
During the search for the defective gene causing early onset Alzheimer disease, what stages required the human genome sequence?
.
What is a SNP and how were they used during this search?
.
How can the human genome sequence help us identify patterns of early human migration?
.
