Cell Biology - Niggly bits

Question 1

Outline cell theory

Answer 1

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. They carry out all the chemical activities needed to sustain life. New are produced from existing

Question 2

Difference between transcription and translation

Answer 2

Transcription = DNA ("hereditary information storage") to RNA ("transient info carrier")
Translation = RNA to Protein

Question 3

Which of these is a Eukaryotic Multicellular model organism and what has it been used to investigate?

A. E. Coli
B. Saccharmyces Cerevisiae
C. Caenhorabditis elegans
D. Tuna

Answer 3

C. C. elegans = nematode worm - control of cell death in humans. Mutations in shared genes cause the same effects

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell? 
A. Nucleoid
B. Small and simple ribosomes 
C. Specialised organelles 
D. Small genome >500 genes

Answer 4

C - do not have any organelles

Question 5

What 4 ways are substances transported across cells?

Answer 5

Directly through the phospholipid bilayer - as long as they are lipid soluble
Membrane Channels
Carrier Molecules
Vesicles

Question 6

Why do cells divide rather than continue to grow?

Answer 6

DNA overload - larger cells place more demand on DNA
Material exchange - larger cells would have more trouble with nutrient/water exchange
Ratio of surface area to volume - if continue to grow this would decrease as volume increases more rapidly