Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

511 Final > 511 final important* > Flashcards

511 final important* Flashcards

(96 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where does CSF fluid stay?

A

B/w arachnoid mater and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which curvatures of the vertebral column are classified as secondary curvatures?

A

Cervical and lumbar curvatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What ligaments prevent excessive rotation of the head?

A

Alar ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What may a rupture of the transverse ligament of the transverse ligament of the atlas cause a more severe neurological clinical implication than a fracture of the dens?

A

When a rupture of the transverse ligament occurs, the posterior arch of the C1 can compress the spinal cord against the dens. When a fracture of the dens occurs, the dens are set free and would move along w/ the posterior arch of C1 and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

*Where does the vertebral a. enter the transverse foramen of the transverse process?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

*What thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical vertebra?

A

T2-T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

*What cervical vertebrae are considered typical?

A

C3-C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*What movements occur at the costovertebral joints (ribs)?

A

-Rotation around longitudinal axis in UPPER ribs

-Ascends and descends relative to vertebral column in LOWER ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

*What ligaments stabilize the costotransverse joins?

A

The costotransverse ligaments (medial, lateral and superior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the external & internal (skull) carotid arteries supply?

A

Supplies most of the structures of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the internal jugular vein arteries receive blood from?

A

Receives blood from all structures of head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which nerves in the anterior neck are motor AND sensory nerves?

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus N.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which nerves in the anterior neck are ONLY motor AND sensory nerves

A

Accessory and Hypoglossal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What structures run w/ the Internal jugular vein?

A

Common carotid and vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Superficial muscle of the back

A

Traps, lats, rhomboids and levator scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define spondolisthesis and its classifications

A

-DISLOCATION of one of the lower vertebrae in relation to vertebrae under it.

-The angle in b/w the superior inferior articular processes

-L-S1 does NOT move

-Classifications: Grade I (25%), Grade II (25-50%), Grade III (50-75%), Grade IV (75-100%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Structures suspended from the abdominal wall

A

Intraperitoneal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 main functions of abdominal wall?

A

Protection, breathing and intra-abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

A

SALTD SPRSS
Stomach, Appendix, Liver, Transverse colon
Small intestine, Pancreas, Rectum, Spleen, Sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

A

SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal glands, Aorta and IVC, Duodenum (2/3/4)
Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Regions from 9 region organizational pattern

A

Hector F’s Gertude Every Unceasing Pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List all the abdominal anterolateral layers from the outmost (include flat muscles)

A

Skin, camper’s fascia, scarpa’s fascia, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Subdivisions of peritoneal cavity?

A

Greater sac & omental bursa/lesser sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the sigmoid colon located in the 9 region organizational pattern?

A

Pubic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the names of the ligaments that make the lesser omentum?
Hepatoduodenal ligament & hepatogastric ligament
26
What 2 structures also enter the abdominal cavity w/ the esophagus?
Anterior and posterior vagus trunk
27
What muscle has an attachment to the dura mater?
Rectus capitis posterior minor
28
When does the subclavian a. become the axillary a.?
Rib 1
29
Lesser occipital n.
Innervates skin of neck & scalp (posterior to ear)
30
Great auricular n.
Innervates skin of parotid region, ears and mastoid area
31
What makes thoracic vertebrae special?
-Angle of thoracic articular facets -Coastal facets (for the articulations of the ribs)
32
What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae? (SELFISH)
T1, T11, T12 (They are selfish because they want to articulate w/ a WHOLE rib by themself)
33
What makes atypical thoracic vertebrae?
-T11+T12 only have single “FULL” costal facet Neck of R11+12 don’t form articulations w/ corresponding transverse processes -T1 has a “full” and “partial” costal facet All articulate w/ corresponding ribs
34
T11 + T12 do not have?
T11 + T12 DO NOT have costovertebral transverse joints
35
What makes lumbar vertebrae unique?
-Vertical facets -SUPERIOR facets directed posteromedially -INFERIOR facets directed anterolaterally -Mammillary process
36
What and where is Pars Interarticularis (Spondolythesis) L5-S1
A region of the lamina located between the facet joints
37
Atypical lumbar vertebrae?
L5 (Body is taller anteriorly “Lumbosacral angle”)
38
What ligament limits extension of lumbar?
Anterior longitudinal ligament (strongest thickest ligament)
39
What ligament limits spinal flexion?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
40
What is the Ligamentum Flava?
-Keeps you upright -Also limits extension
41
What does the Supraspinous ligament limit?
Forward flexion
42
Skeletal elements of the “Bony Wall”?
-Lumbar vertebrae -Pelvic bones -Inferior thoracic wall (Costal margin, R12, end of R11, xiphoid process
43
“Muscular wall”
-Anterior: Rectus abdominis -Lateral: External/internal oblique & TA -Posterior: QL, Illiacus & Psoas major
44
What does the mesentary do?
Attaches the organs to the wall of the abdomen
45
Abdomen communicates directly w/ thigh through what?
Through an aperture formed anteriorly b/w inferior margin of abdominal wall MARKED BY THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT & PELVIC BONE
46
What structures pass through the abdomen-thigh apeture?
-External iliac a & v (later changes to femoral a & v) -Femoral n. -Lymphatics -Psoas major & iliacus muscles
47
What is an inguinal hernia?
Is the protrusion or passage of the peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall in the groin
48
What does the GREATER omentum attach to?
GREATER curvature of stomach & first part of duodenum & transverse colon (Has a. and v,)
49
What does the LESSER omentum attach to?
-DUOdenum & liver (HepatoDUOdenal ligament)
50
Where are the 3 points where the ureters are constricted (kidney stones)?
-1st point is at the ureteropelvic junction -2nd point is pelvic inlet -3rd point is where the ureters ENTER the wall of the bladder
51
Which kidney is more superior?
L. kidney
52
*What is the male urethra divided into?
-Preprostatic -Prostatic -Membranous -Spongy parts
53
What are the bones of the Posterior Abdominal Wall?
-Lumbar vertebrae -Sacrum (upper margin) -Pelvic bones (medial side of each ilium) -Ribs (11&12)
54
Why is the QL important?
-Important for respiration: attach to floating Rib 12 (Allows diaphragm to move rib w/o moving too much)
55
What ligament connects the L and R crus?
Median arcuate ligament
56
What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
Vertebra T1, rib 1 & manubrium
57
What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Vertebra T12, rib 12, end of rib 11, costal margin & xiphoid process of sternum
58
Where is the superior thoracic aperture? And what is important to know about it?
-Everything in b/w rib 1 is the thoracic aperture -There isn't a lot of space, so impingement can easily happen
59
Which ribs are false ribs? Why?
Ribs 8-12 (INdirectly articulates w/ sternum through costal cartilage)
60
Which ribs are atypical ribs and why?
-Ribs 1/2 & 10-12 -Rib 1=Groove for subclavian vessels and only 1 articular facet in the head (T1 vertebra)) -Rib 2=Flat & tuberosity for SA -Ribs 10-12=Only 1 articular facet on head -Ribs 11/12=no tubercles and no articulation w/ sterum
61
Why does only rib 1 have a fibrocartilaginous joint?
To prevent compression of all the structures that are passing through (YOU DO NOT WANT RIB 1 TO MOVE)
62
Which ribs are not synovial joints?
Manubrium and Rib 1
63
Function of external intercostal muscle?
Inspiration, moves ribs superiorly and supports intercostal space
64
Function of internal intercostal muscle?
Expiration, moves ribs inferiorly and supports intercostal space
65
Are Intercostal nerves motor or sensory?
Both; motor innervation to muscles in the intercostal space and sensory innervation to parietal pleura and overlying skin
66
What can the visceral detect and not detect?
-Can detect (sensory fibers only) detect stretch. -Can't detect pain, temperature, or pressure.
67
**Most clinically important recess?
Costodiaphragmatic recess (Most fluid here) -Ribs 8-10
68
What vessels supply blood to lungs?
Bronchial vessels
69
Which lung is bigger?
R lung
70
Which primary bronchus is more vertical and bigger?
R primary bronchus (This is why food gets stuck on R side)
71
What is a part of the cardiac conduction system?
-SA node -AV node -Bundle of His -Purkinje fibers
72
Where is the hepatorenal recesses located?
Is located on the right side between the liver and the right kidney
73
Which of the following ligaments prevent excessive rotation of the head?
Alar ligament
74
Select the correct statement about the subclavian artery.
It emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
75
Posterior sacro-iliac ligament located?
See picture
76
T/F: The left kidney is located slightly superior in comparison to the right kidney
True
77
What muscle overlaps with the renal hilum on the posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas major (most medial)
78
T/F: Ribs 11 and 12 articulate only with their own vertebrae and have no tubercles.
True (They're selfish)
79
T/F: The tricuspid valve is also known as the mitral valve.
False
80
Where do the Purkinje fibers are ramifications that directly root from?
Left and right bundles
81
T/F: The spleen is located superior to the right kidney and adrenal gland
False (Spleen is inferior)
82
T/F: The right common carotid artery branches from the arch of the aorta
False: R side has brachiocephalic trunk off the aorta
83
The psoas major muscle passes from the abdominal cavity to the thigh through:
The aperture between the pubic bone and inguinal ligament
84
What structure emerges into the abdominal cavity passing through the right crus of the diaphragm?
Esophagus
85
T/F: The right crus of the diaphragm is longer than the left crus
T/F: The right crus of the diaphragm is longer than the left crus
86
Blood supply to the diaphragm occurs directly through the following arteries EXCEPT:
Gonadal
87
Which of the following is the primary innervation of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
88
What nerve does the Recurrent Laryngeal n. branch from?
Vagus n.
89
What is the Recurrent Laryngeal n. important for?
Speech! (vocal cords/larynx)
90
What is special about the pleural parietal?
It is sensitive to pain
91
What structures pass through rib 1?
Subclavian a+v and brachial plexus
92
What vein does the azygos drain deoxygenated blood to?
Superior vena cava
93
What do the external intercostal muscles do?
Expands rib cage; inspiration
94
Where do the posterior intercostal go from and to?
Aorta to ribs and ends at costal cartilage
95
Where do the anterior intercostal go from and to?
travels posteriorly along bone; longer to wrap
96
What are the layers of the kidney
-Renal fascia -Renal capsule -Renal cortex -Renal pelvis

511 Final (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions