5.1.1 - How Fast - Definitions Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the Arrhenius Equation?
k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), where k is the rate constant, A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature
What is a Clock Reaction?
A reaction in which the time taken for an abrupt visible change to occur is measured, typically indicating the formation of the product
What is Colorimetry?
A technique used to measure the amount of light absorbed by a solution, used to determine the rate of a reaction
What is a Concentration-time Graph?
A graph in which concentration is plotted on the y-axis and time on the x-axis; the gradient of the line equals the rate of reaction
What is Continuous Monitoring in a rate experiment?
Continuous measurements taken as the reaction progresses, allowing results to be plotted on a concentration-time graph
What defines a First Order Reactant?
Doubling the concentration of a first order reactant will double the rate, if all other conditions remain the same
What is the definition of Gradient?
Change in y divided by change in x
What is Half-life (t₁/₂) in kinetics?
The time taken for the concentration of a reactant to halve
What is the Initial Rate of a reaction?
The rate of a reaction at time t = 0
What does ‘Order’ refer to in reaction kinetics?
A number that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentrations of each reactant
What is the Overall Order of a reaction?
The sum of the orders with respect to each reactant
Define Rate Constant (k)
A constant value that relates the rate of a reaction at a given temperature to the concentrations of the reactants
What is a Rate-concentration Graph?
A graph with concentration plotted on the x-axis and rate on the y-axis
What is the Rate-determining Step?
The slowest step of a reaction
Define Rate Equation
An equation that relates rate to the concentrations of the reactants multiplied by the rate constant, with each concentration raised to the power of its order
What is the Rate of Reaction?
A measure of how quickly a reactant is used up or a product is formed
What is a Reaction Mechanism?
A step-by-step sequence of the individual reactions that make up the overall reaction
What defines a Second Order Reactant?
Doubling the concentration of a second order reactant will quadruple the rate, if all other conditions remain the same.
What defines a Zero Order Reactant?
Doubling the concentration of a zero order reactant will have no impact on the rate, if all other conditions remain the same
