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PHPR 661 > CAM Vitamins > Flashcards

CAM Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Ginseng is known as a ______ and that means _______?

A

Known as an adaptogen meaning it is a general tonic for well being.

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3
Q

What is ginsengs active ingredient and MOA? What is its structure similar to?

A
  • Active ingredient ginsenoside
  • Alters carbohydrate metabolism
  • May effect insulin release in the body
    • Steroid hormones
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4
Q

What drug interactions does ginseng have?

A

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.

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5
Q

Ginsengs adverse effects?

A

Insomnia, excitability, anxiety,

Increased heart rate

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6
Q

Fenugreek is used for?

A

Lowering blood sugar in patients with diabetes

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7
Q

What is fenugreeks MOA?

A

The fenugreek seeds contain 50% dietary fiber

-This is linked to delayed gastric emptying and therefore slowing the influx of blood sugar

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8
Q

Fenugreek may have additive affects eith what drugs?

A
  • Anticoagulants/antiplatelets
  • any drugs that lower blood sugar
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9
Q

What is cinnamons MOA?

WHat is it used for?

A
  • Cinnamon may increase insulin action and insulin sensitivity

It is used in type 2 diabetes

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10
Q

1 gm = how much cinnamon

A

1/2 tsp

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11
Q

Creatine may be effective for?

A

Brief high intensity exercise

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12
Q

Adults older than? seem to not benefit from creatine

A

older than 60

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13
Q

Creatine is synthesized where and is also in what foods?

A

liver, kidneys, pancreas

also in meats and fish

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14
Q

What is Creatines MOA?

A
  • Causes increased muscle stores in creatine phosphate.
  • Reduced ATP degeneration
  • Enhanced oxygen uptake
  • increased glycogen storage
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15
Q

Who is more likely to respond to creatine?

A

vegetarians

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16
Q

What are some adverse rxns of creatine?

A
  • Muscle cramping
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
    • Weight gain
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17
Q

Creatine contraindications?

A
  • Diuretic use
  • dehydration
  • impaired kidney function
  • Interactis with ephedra and caffeine
  • Nephrotoxic drugs
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18
Q

Creatine is safe for how many days?

A

10 days

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19
Q

DHEA is used in?

A
  • Increased strength, energy muscle mass
  • Weight loss
    • Improve sexual performance
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20
Q

DHEA levels decrease with age and peak during?

A

Mid-20s

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21
Q

DHEA is known as a weak _____ and is the precursor to what sex hormones?

A

weak androgen and is a precursor to estrogens and testosterone

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22
Q

DHEA adverse effects occur when some takes more than?

A

200 mg daily

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23
Q

DHEA Contraindications include?

A

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

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24
Q

DHEA interacts with?

A

Hormonal or hormonal blocking agents

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25
Q

DHEA should be avoided if hx of what hormone sensitive cancers?

A
  • Breast
  • Cervical
  • Endometrial
  • Prostate
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26
Q

Ephedra is used for?

A

Weight loss and enhanced athletic performance

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27
Q

Ephedra is unsafe when used_____ and can cause what?

A

orally and can cause

  • HTN
  • MI
  • Seizure
  • Stroke
    • All can occur with short term use in lower dose
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28
Q

Ephedra contains what?

A
  • Ephedrine
  • Psuedoephedrine
  • PPA
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29
Q

Ephedra is a ______ stimulant and is causes what?

A

Vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulations

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30
Q

What are some adverse rxns of ephedra?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • HA
  • increased BP
  • Tachycardia
  • chest tightness
  • dry mouth
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31
Q

Glucosamine and Chondrotin are used for? And MOA

A

Osteoarthritis

It may prevent cartilage degradation

may stimulate growth of new cartilage

May have anti-inflam and analgesic effects

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32
Q

Glucosamine and Chondrotin increase affects of what?

A

warfarin

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33
Q

It is important to tell patients that Glucosamine and Chondrotins onset of action? While they are waiting for releif what else could they use?

A

Is delayed and may take 6-8 wks

NSAIDS

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34
Q

Glucosamine in combination with ______ shows beneficial effects

A

Chondrotin

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35
Q

Studies show that combination Glucosamine and Chondrotin show benefits in ______ arthritis

A

Moderate to severe

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36
Q

MSM is used for?

A

Osteo and rheumatoid arthritis

joint inflammation

Chronis pain

37
Q

MSM interactions

A

No known

38
Q

MOA of MSM?

A

Unknown

Maybe antiinflam properties

Might inhibit joint degeneration

39
Q

What is the active component of garlic?

A

Allicin

40
Q

Garlic can be used to?

A

Lower cholesterol

and Lower High Blood pressure

41
Q

What type of garlic is prefered for lowering cholesterol?

A

The fresh herb

42
Q

Adverse rxns of garlic that are does related?

A
  • Breath and BO
  • GI discomfort
  • Platelet dysfunction
43
Q

What are garlics herbal interactions?

A
  • Fish oils
  • Feverfew
  • Ginkgo
  • Ginger
  • Ginseng
  • Any ones with antiplatelet effects
44
Q

Garlic drug interactions?

A
  • Antiplatelet and blood thinners
    • Stop garlic 2 weeks prior to surgery
  • May induce P450 3A4 (CCB, chemotherapy, antifungals, losartan)
    • Lowers the levels of these drugs
45
Q

Red Yeast RIce is used to?

MOA?

It is chemically identical to?

Adverse Rxns?

A

Lower cholesterol is effective

  • Contains monacolins primarily monacolin Kthis is chemically identical to lovastatin
  • Inhibits HMG CoA reductase

Same adverse rxns as statins

  • Abd discomfort
  • May increase liver function tests
46
Q

What are Red Yeast RIces drug interactions?

A

HMG-reductase inhibitors

P450 inhibitors like theophylline, cisapride, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole- these drugs increases levels of RYR

47
Q

Herbal interactions of Red Yeast RIce?

Contraindications?

A
  • Grapefruit juice increase levels of Red Yeast RIce
  • Liver dysfunction and pregnancy
48
Q

What form of Coenzyme Q-10 is the recommended one?

Common uses?

Levels of Coenzyme Q-10 can be lowered by?

Improve what is diabetes?

A
  • Ubiquinol
  • Treats CHF
  • lowered by statins
  • Improve blood sugar control
49
Q

The benefits of Coenzyme Q-10 are attributed to?

A
  • Antioxidant activity
  • Generation of ATP
50
Q

Coenzyme Q-10 decreases if the effects of?

Protective effects?

A

Warfarin

  • HMG reductase inhibitor
  • RYR
51
Q

Fish oil is used for?

A
  • Lower elavated TG
  • Reduced risk of death from heart disease
  • RA
    • Cancer, asthma, depression
52
Q

FIsh oil MOA?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory effects
  • Decreased platelet aggregation
  • Vasodilation
53
Q

Dosing of Fish oil for High TG?

heart disease?

A
  • 2-4 gm daily (EPA +DHA)
  • 1 gram daily
54
Q

Adverse effects of fish oil?

A
  • Loose stool farting
  • Nausea
  • Heart burn
55
Q

Herbal interactions of fish oil?

4 Gs and an F

Drug?

A
  • Garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, ginger, Feverfew
  • Anticoagulatants/platelets
56
Q

How are adverse effects of fish oil minnimized

A

Take with food and taper dose slowly like up by 1 tab every week

57
Q

Krill oil and Fish oil are pretty similar but

A

Krill oil has fewer adverse effects probably related to lower doses

58
Q

Policosanol used for?

A

High cholesterol

Intermittent claidication

59
Q

MOA of Policosanol for high cholesterol?

A
  • Decrease hepatic synthesis and increase LDL degradation
  • Overall decrease in TG and LDL increase in HDL
60
Q

Policosanol NO INTERACTIONS or ADVERSSE

A
61
Q

Stanols and sterols are used to?

MOA?

A
  • Used to lower cholesterol reduces LDL
  • Cholesterol is main animal sterol
  • reduces cholesterol absosrption
62
Q

Stanols and sterols with reduce cholesterol in?

No interactions some indegestion problems

A

2-3weeks

Unabsorbable and tasteless

63
Q

Flaxseed is used for?

A

Elevated cholesterol

Constipation

Diabetes

64
Q

Fiber from flaxseed is located in?

What is ALA it is contained in Flaxseed

Adverse effects?

A

seed coat

is a plant based OMega 3

  • Bloating
  • Fart
  • ABD pain
  • Diarrhea
65
Q

Flaxseed drug interactions

A
  • Can decrease platelets aggregation
  • Antiplat substances and drugs
66
Q

What is black Cohosh used for?

A

Hormone replacement therapy to manage menopausal symptoms

  • Things such as Hot flashes
  • Night Sweats
  • Vaginal dryness
  • UNKNOW MOA
67
Q

When should Black Cohosh not be used?

A

History of:

  • Breast Cancer
  • Any other hormone sensitive cancers (endometrial, ovarian)
68
Q

Are black cohosh adverse reactions likely?

WHat are they?

What are some drug interactions?

A

Not frequent

  • Stomach upset
  • HA
  • Weight gain
  • spotting or bleeding

DRug:

  • HRT and contraceptives
69
Q

If taking Black Cohosh what should you monitor?

A

Monitor Liver function

70
Q

When are effects seen with black cohosh?

A

Seen with 4-12 weeks

71
Q

Evening Primrose Oil is used for?

MOA?

A
  • Menopause symptoms
  • PMS
  • Mastaligia

MOA: Oil rish in GLA, omega 6 fatty acids

72
Q

Evening Primrose is well tolerated what are its herbal and drug interactions?

A

Platelet active herbals

Platelet active drugs

73
Q

St. Johns Wort is used for?

A
  • Depression (main use)
  • Hot flashes
  • PMS
74
Q

What are the adverse Rxns of St. Johns Wort?

A
  • Photosensitivity
  • Restlessness
  • Dizzy
  • Delayed hypersensitivity
75
Q

Interactions for St. Johns Wort?

A

Herbs:

  • Digitalis

Drugs:

  • INDUCER OF P450 ENZYMES POTENT
  • 5-HT 1 agonist
  • SSRIs
76
Q

St. Johns Wort is not for?

A

Acute treatment results not seen for several weeks

77
Q

IF you want to stop taking St. Johns Wort what do you do?

A

There can be withdrawal symptoms and it should not be stopped abruptly.

SO many interactions

78
Q

What is Feverfew used for?

How do you take it?

WHat is it not for?

Onset?

A
  • Headaches and Migraines prevention
  • Must be taken continuously to have effect
  • Not for acute migraine treatment
  • Onset of benefit is about 4-8 weeks
79
Q

Adverse effect of Feverfew?

A

GI shit

mouth ulcerations

Tongue irritation

80
Q

What syndrome can you get if you stop feverfew abruptly?

A

Post feverfew syndrome

81
Q

What are the interactions with Feverfew?

A

Herb:

  • Anticagulant/antiplatelet potential

Drugs: same and NSAIDS

should stop before surgery

82
Q

What is Ginkgo used for?

A

Alzheimers

Dementia

Has been used for 6 years

83
Q

GINKGO interactions?

A

Anticoagulant

drug same

84
Q

Consuming ginkgo can cause ______ thats why you dont give someone ginkgo even if their _______ is controls

A

seizure

epilepsy

85
Q

Echinacea is used for?

A
  • Immune stimulant to reduce symptoms of colds and URIs
  • COLDs
86
Q

Echinacea MOA?

A

Stimulates the immune response

activity of lymphocytes increased

87
Q

Echinacea drug interactions?

A

Immunosuppressive therapy

88
Q

Melatonin doesnt have a _____ effect like some other sleeping aids

A

hangover

89
Q

When do you take Melatonin for insomnia?

A

30 minutes before bed

PHPR 661 (10 decks)

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