5.1.2: Solid, liquid and gas

Question 1

Kinetic model

Answer 1

A model that describes all substances to be comprised of atoms, molecules or ions that are arranged dependent on the phase of the substance

Question 2

Solid

Answer 2

Highly ordered, closely packed atoms or molecules with very strong electrostatic force of attraction between atoms or molecules. Atoms or molecules can have small vibrations, and therefore have kinetic energy.

Question 3

Liquid

Answer 3

No fixed shape, but atoms or molecules still closely packed. Atoms and molecules can flow past each other but there is still electrostatic forces acting between the atoms or molecules. Higher kinetic energy than solids.

Question 4

Gas

Answer 4

No fixed shape and atoms and molecules are far apart from each other. Negligible electrostatic forces, so can ignore: therefore atoms and molecules are free to move past each other unless they collide head-on. Gaseous atoms or molecules have high speeds and therefore high kinetic energies.

Question 5

Brownian motion

Answer 5

The continuous and random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, visible under a microscope.

Question 6

Internal energy

Answer 6

The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules/particles of a system.

Question 7

Absolute zero

Answer 7

0K. Minimum internal energy and zero kinetic energy