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Criminology > Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental theory:

A

Criminality is dynamic process; influenced by social experiences and individual characteristics

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2
Q

Life course theory:

A

Changes in criminality over life course by shifts in experience/life events

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3
Q

Propensity theory:

A

Stable unchanging feature, characteristic, property make some people crime prone

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4
Q

Latent trait:

A

Personal attribute/characteristic leads to propensity to crime
-Present at birth it established soon after

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5
Q

Trajectory theory:

A

View that independent paths to criminal career and different types of offenders

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6
Q

Population heterogeneity:

A

Predisposition to commit crime stable; those who have it to continue crime over life course

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7
Q

State dependence:

A

Predisposition to commit crime is constantly changing, effected by environment

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8
Q

Early onset:

A

Kids who begin engaging in antisocial behaviors at early age at risk for criminal career

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9
Q

What are the factors for early onset?

A

Inadequate emotional support, distant peer relationships, psychological issues

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10
Q

Problem behavior syndrome (PBS):

A

Cluster of antisocial behaviors that include family dysfunction, early pregnancy

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11
Q

What is PBS linked to?

A

Impulsiveness, rebelliousness, low ego

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12
Q

Crime and PBS -

A

Crime is type of social problem NOT the product is social problems

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13
Q

Is antisocial behavior contagious?

A

Yes, effect those around them

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14
Q

Age-Graded Theory:

A

Association between early delinquency and later adult deviance due to quality of relationships

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15
Q

Turning Points:

A

Launched and Sampson - life events that alter development of criminal career

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16
Q

Social capital:

A

Positive, life-sustaining realities w/ individuals/institutions

17
Q

Does social capital support conventional behavior?

A

Yes, and it stops deviant behavior

18
Q

Cumulative disadvantage:

A

Tendency of prior social problems to produce future ones and undermine success

19
Q

What are the 2 major turning points?

A

1) Marriage

2) Career

20
Q

What does “knife off” mean?

A

Ex: good school experience most important factor to stop crime

21
Q

Love and criminality -

A
  • Unstable marriages reduce conviction while last

- Love not sex is key to success; fills emotional void

22
Q

Propensity:

A

Innate natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way

23
Q

Propensity and crime -

A

Propensity to commit crime is stable, but opportunity changes over time

24
Q

General theory of crime (GTC):

A

Links crime to impulsivity and lack of self control

25
Q

Impulsive:

A

Lacking thought/deliberation in decision making; organize problems, lacks details, distracted

26
Q

What effects self-control?

A

Both deficits, birth compilations, low birth weight effects

27
Q

What does GTC fail at?

A
  • Doesn’t explain racial/gender differences
  • impulsivity only 1 trait linked w/ crime
  • People change so does level is self control
28
Q

What does trajectory theory believe?

A 
More than 1 path of crime more than 1 class of offender 
-Late starters have trouble-free childhoods, but more involved in serious adult offending
29
Q

Escalators:

A

Violence increases over time

30
Q

Escalators and crime -

A

Likely to live in racially mixed communities, experience racism, less parental involvement

31
Q

3 paths to criminal career -

A

1) Authority Conflict pathway
2) Covert pathway
3) Overt Pathway

32
Q

Authorities conflict pathway -

A

Begins early age

• stubborn - defiance - avoidance

33
Q

Covert pathway -

A

begins w/ minor behavior

•sneaky/underhanded = property crimes

34
Q

Overt pathway -

A

Escalates aggressive acts

•aggressive = fighting = violent crimes

35
Q

Adolescent limited offenders:

A

Kids who get into minor scrapes as youths but whose misbehavior ends when enter adulthood

36
Q

Life-course persisters:

A

Delinquents l begin offending career at very very young age and continue offending into adulthood

37
Q

Abstainers:

A

Adolescents who don’t engage in deviant behavior, places them outside norm for age group

38
Q

Criminal behavior:

A

Engaging in antisocial acts early in adolescence and continuing illegal behavior thru adulthood

Criminology (11 decks)

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