Enrichment Modules

Question 1

Flow

Answer 1

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Question 2

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 2

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 3

Personnel psychology

Answer 3

An I/O psychology subfield that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 4

Organizational psychology

Answer 4

An I/O psychology subfield that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Question 5

Human factors psychology

Answer 5

An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 6

Structured interviews

Answer 6

An interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Question 7

Achievement motivation

Answer 7

A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard.

Question 8

Grit

Answer 8

In psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Question 9

Task leadership

Answer 9

Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Question 10

Social leadership

Answer 10

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.

Question 11

Catharsis

Answer 11

In psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 12

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 12

People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Question 13

Subjective well-being

Answer 13

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 14

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 14

Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

Question 15

Relative deprivation

Answer 15

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

Question 16

Health psychology

Answer 16

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine.

Question 17

Aerobic exercise

Answer 17

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety.

Question 18

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Answer 18

As yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice.