Topic 1.2.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term ‘voluntary’ muscle mean?

A

A muscle that works on demand.

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2
Q

Can you name the 11 voluntary muscles in your body?

A

Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius.

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3
Q

Can you describe the term ‘antagonistic pairs’?

A

Muscles work as pairs, while one muscle contracts the other relaxes.

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4
Q

Is the agonist (prime mover) the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

A

Contracting muscle

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5
Q

Is the antagonist the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

A

Relaxing muscle

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6
Q

Can you name the 2 antagonistic pairs?

A

Bicep and Tricep & Hamstring and Quadricep

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7
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the arm at the elbow?

A

Bicep

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8
Q

What movement occurs at the elbow when the tricep contracts?

A

Extension

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9
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the leg at the knee?

A

Hamstring

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10
Q

What movement occurs at the knee when the quadriceps contract?

A

Extension

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11
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow extension of the leg at the hip?

A

Gluteals

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12
Q

What movement occurs at the ankle when the gastrocnemius contracts?

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle

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13
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder?

A

Deltoids

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14
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow rotation of the scapula towards the spine?

A

Trapezius

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15
Q

What movement occurs at the shoulder when the latissimus dorsi contracts?

A

Adduction

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16
Q

Other than the latissimus dorsi which muscle contracts to allow adduction at the shoulder?

A

Pectorals

17
Q

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the trunk?

A

Abdominals

18
Q

What are the 2 different types of muscle contraction?

A

Isotonic and Isometric

19
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

A contraction of a muscle that results in movement.

20
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

A contraction of a muscle which increases tension but the length stays the same.

21
Q

What are the 3 short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

A

Increase in muscle temperature, muscle fatigue and an increase in lactic acid production.

22
Q

What are the 4 long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

A

Increased strength of muscles , increased size of muscles (hypertrophy), increased myoglobin stores, the tendons and ligaments become stronger.

23
Q

How do the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system benefit the body when taking part in physical activity?

A

You are more able to perform activities requiring strength, power and muscular endurance, improves immediate oxygen supply to the muscles and better support of joints.

24
Q

Why is it important that the muscular system has time to rest?

A

To allow muscles to repair and grow after exercise.

25
Q

What is it important to eat as part of your balanced diet to aid the muscular system?

A

Protein

26
Q

What performance enhancing drug builds and develops the strength of muscles?

A

Anabolic Steroids

27
Q

What is the name of the injury that is common to the muscular system?

A

Strain

28
Q

How should you treat a muscle strain?

A

RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation)

29
Q

What does muscle ‘atrophy’ mean?

A

Loss of muscle mass and strength, this is often caused by stopping training.