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gcse Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need food (3)

A

To supply us with “fuel” for energy
To provide materials for growth and to repair tissues
To help fight disease and keep our bodies healthy

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2
Q

What are the 7 types of nutrients in all food

A 
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Water
Fibre
Minerals
Vitamins
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3
Q

What does too much sugar cause (2)

A

Sugar gets stored as fat which leads to obesity

Causes tooth decay as the bacteria in the mouth feeds on the sugar and breaks it down releasing acid which dissolves the enamel

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4
Q

Why do we need carbohydrates

A

Used to release energy during respiration

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5
Q

What are lipids used for

A

To make cell membranes, insulation, protection of organs, energy store

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6
Q

What can too much fat lead to

A

Heart disease

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7
Q

What do all cells contain

A

Protein

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8
Q

Why do we need proteins (5)

A 
For growth and repair of tissues
Hormones
Enzymes
Antibodies
Transport
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9
Q

If we are deficient in proteins what do we develop

A

A disease called kwashiorkor

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10
Q

What is the purpose of digestion

A

To break food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood stream

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11
Q

What is mechanical digestion and examples

A

Digestion by physically breaking down food into smaller pieces without enzymes

Mouth and teeth chewing food
Stomach churning food

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12
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Digestion using enzymes

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13
Q

Which enzyme is excreted from the salivary glands and what is it used to break down into what

A

Amylase is used to break down starch into maltose

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14
Q

Which enzyme is found in the stomach and what does it break down into what

A

Protease is used to break down proteins into amino acids

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15
Q

Which enzyme is found in the small intestine that was made in the pancreas and what does it break down into what

A

Amylase breaks down starch into maltose
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids
Lipase breaks down fat into glycerol and fatty acids

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16
Q

What is digestion

A

The chemical and mechanical break down of food

17
Q

What does digestion do

A

Converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood

18
Q

What is ingestion

A

The consumption of a substance

19
Q

What is absorption

A

Taking molecules into the bloodstream

20
Q

What happens in the mouth (4)

A

Food is ingested

Mechanical digestion- teeth are chewing (increases surface area)

Chemical digestion- amylase in saliva breaks down starch into maltose

Food is rolled by the tongue into a bolus and swallowed

21
Q

What happens in the oesophagus and wth is it

A

It is the food pipe connecting the mouth and the stomach

Food is moved down here by muscular contractions know as peristalsis

22
Q

What is the stomach what types of digestion occur there

What else?

A

Large muscular bag

Mechanical digestion- churns food

Chemical digestion- gastric juice is excreted

Gastric juice contains pepsin which is activated by HCl as it provides optimum pH 2. Also contains HCl which kills bacteria

Goblet cells produce mucus as a lining to prevent damage from HCl

23
Q

What is the duodenum what type of digestion occurs there

A

First section of small intestine where digestion is completed

Chemical digestion - pancreatic juice contains maltase, pancreatic amylase, protease and lipase

And bile

24
Q

What is bile

A

Made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder

Function is to emulsify large lipids into small fat droplets, increasing the surface area for the enzymes to work

25
Q

What pH are bile and pancreatic juice and why

A

Alkali to neutralise the good covered in stomach acid

26
Q

What is the ileum and what occurs there

A

Part of the small intestine

Most of absorption takes place here

27
Q

How does absorption take place

A

Passively or by active transport

28
Q

How is the ileum adapted to it’s function

A

Highly folded finger like projections called villi

  • increases surface area
  • thin walls decrease diffusion pathway
  • micro villi on the surface
  • rich blood supply
29
Q

What is assimilation

A

A process which uses products of digestion to build new molecules

30
Q

What happens after food has been digested and absorbed

A

Assimilated into the body

31
Q

What type of stuff is left to go into the colon and what is the colon, what is the main role

A

Part of the large intestines

Undigested food, mucus, dead cells, bacteria

Reabsorbtion of water and mineral ions

32
Q

What is the rectum and what is its role

A

In the large intestines

Where faeces are stored until it is egested from the body via the anus

33
Q

What is egestion

A

The discharge of Undigested material from the digestive system

gcse Biology (12 decks)

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