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USMLE Step 1 > MSK/Derm > Flashcards

MSK/Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitochondrial myopathy?

A

Ragged red fibers; mitos have impaired oxidative phosphorylation = lactic acid

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2
Q

Where do osteoblasts come from?

A

mesenchymal stem cells in the periosteum

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3
Q

Hallmarks of multiple myeloma?

A 
Think CRAB: 
hyperCalcemia 
Renal involvement 
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions (Il-1, TNF)

Multiple Myeloma: Monoclonal M protein spike

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4
Q

Which nerve causes winged scapula?

A

long thoracic

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5
Q

What causes muscle atrophy?

A

protein degradation in the muscle cells

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6
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve do?

A

flex the bicep (lateral brachial plexus)

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7
Q

Which structure is assoc w bullous pemphigoid (no blistering)?

A

hemidesmosomes (attach BM)

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8
Q

Which structure is assoc w pemphigous vulgaris (blistering)?

A

desmosomes (attach epidermis to each other)

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9
Q

Hip adductor muscle starts where? and inserts where?

A

ischium; femur

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10
Q

What is osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)?

A

Infarct of bone/BM at femoral head = collapse of bone w/o cartilaginous involvement (non-inflam)

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11
Q

What causes osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)?

A 
ASEPTIC:
Alcoholism, 
Sickle cell disease, Storage (Gaucher), 
Exogenous/ Endogenous corticosteroids, 
Pancreatitis, 
Trauma, 
Idiopathic (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease), 
Caisson (“the bends”)
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12
Q

Which muscle protrudes the tongue? retracts the tongue?

A

protrude: genioglossus
retract: hyoglossus

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13
Q

What test can help diagnose psoriatic arthritis?

A

slit lamp test for anterior uveitis which is assoc w psoriatic arthritis

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14
Q

Injury to the lunate bone typically affects which nerve?

A

median = carpal tunnel

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15
Q

What 2 symptoms indicate axillary nerve damage?

A
  1. impaired shoulder abduction

2. loss of sensation over upper lateral arm

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16
Q

When lifting weights, _____ of motor nerve action potentials increases.

A

frequency (force summation)

17
Q

Injury to the scaphoid bone typically leads to what condition??

A

avascular necrosis owing to retrograde blood supply.

18
Q

Injury to the hook of hamate typically affects which nerve?

A

ulnar

19
Q

Damage to which nerve causes foot drop?

A

common peroneal (lateral leg)

PED = Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED.

20
Q

Damage to which nerve means you cant curl your toes?

A

tibial (back of leg)

TIP = Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured, can’t stand on TIPtoes.

21
Q

Which nerve is responsible for Trendelenberg Sign?

A

Superior gluteal (glut med/min) = hip drop contra to lesion

22
Q

What drug is used to treat acute RA?

A

celecoxib (esp w GI issues)

23
Q

Injury to which nerve causes winged scapula?

A

long thoracic

24
Q

Pt comes with upper + lower motor weakness, mild ataxia, and opthalmoplegia, what do you think is compressed?

A

vertebral arteries at C6

25
Q

What 3 symps would suspect spinal nerve compression at cervical level (eg disc herniation)?

A
  1. pain
  2. burning/tingling
  3. weak/numb shoulder, arm, or hands
26
Q

Succinylcholine in burn patients causes what set of ECG changes?

A

hyperkalemia –> peaked T waves

27
Q

What is thought to cause Paget Disease of the bone?

A

paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts

28
Q

What is Forchheimer’s sign?

A

Small, Red papules on the soft palate; caused by Rubella

29
Q

What is Alkaptonuria (ochronosis)?

A

deficiency of homogentisate oxidase –> accumulation of homogentisic acid

30
Q

What are the hallmarks of Alkaptonuria (ochronosis)?

A
  1. arthralgias
  2. bluish-black pigmentation (ochronosis) of ears, nose, cheeks
  3. urine turns black on prolonged exposure to air
31
Q

The neurofibromas of NF1 are derived from what structures?

A

peripheral nerves

32
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat pustular acne?

A

tetracycline (bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA)

33
Q

What additional manifestation can accompany Klumpke palsy (lower trunk lesion)?

A

ipsi horner syndrome

34
Q

What nerve arises anteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Phrenic

35
Q

Loss of innervation to what muscle causes “waiter’s tip hand”?

A

Biceps brachii

USMLE Step 1 (13 decks)

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