Periodic Table

Question 1

what is a group?

Answer 1

vertical column

Question 2

what is a period?

Answer 2

horizontal row

Question 3

why do elements in the same group have the similar chemical properties?

Answer 3

have the same number of electrons in outer shell`

Question 4

why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 4

allow charge to pass through them

Question 5

what is the acid-base character of metals?

Answer 5

they are basic

- dissolve to form alkaline solutions - pH>7

Question 6

what is the acid-base character of non-metals?

Answer 6

they are acidic

- dissolve to form acidic solutions - pH

Question 7

what does inert mean?

Answer 7

does not react easily

Question 8

why are noble gases inert?

Answer 8

they have full outer shell (stable)

Question 9

use of helium

Answer 9

balloons

Question 10

use of neon

Answer 10

advertising signs

Question 11

use of argon

Answer 11

lightbulbs

Question 12

use of krypton

Answer 12

lasers

Question 13

use of xenon

Answer 13

photographic flashes

Question 14

physical properties of alkali metals

Answer 14

• conductors of electricity and heat
• soft - easily cut with knife
• low density (float on water)

Question 15

chemical properties of Li, Na, K

Answer 15

• shiny surfaces when cut but instantly tarnishes
• burn in air to form white, solid oxides (have to be kept under oil)
• react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 16

observation of lithium reaction with water

Answer 16

• moves around surface
• bubbles of gas
• gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears

Question 17

observation of sodium reaction with water

Answer 17

• moves around surface
• bubbles of gas
• melts into shiny ball
• gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears

Question 18

observation of potassium reaction with water

Answer 18

• moves around surface
• bubbles of gas
• melts in ball
• burns with lilac flame
• • gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears

Question 19

why is potassium the most reactive out of lithium, sodium and potassium?

Answer 19

• has more shielding
• greater distance between outer electron and nucleus
• lower attraction force

Question 20

use of lithium

Answer 20

battery anode

Question 21

use of sodium

Answer 21

salt (in sodium chloride)/ street lights

Question 22

use of potassium

Answer 22

fertilisers

Question 23

use of rubidium

Answer 23

vacuum tubes

Question 24

trend for density of alkali metals

Answer 24

increases down group

Question 25

trend for BP/MP of alkali metals

Answer 25

decreases down group

Question 26

what is the state and colour at room temperature of chlorine?

Answer 26

• gas

- green

Question 27

what is the colour of aqueous chlorine?

Answer 27

• pale green

- when diluted, colourless

Question 28

what is the state and colour at room temperature of bromine?

Answer 28

• liquid

- red-brown (evaporated to form brown gas)

Question 29

what is the colour of aqueous bromine?

Answer 29

• orange

- when diluted, yellow

Question 30

what is the state and colour at room temperature of iodine?

Answer 30

• solid

- black (sublimes when heated form purple gas)

Question 31

what is the colour of aqueous iodine?

Answer 31

brown

Question 32

what is hydrogen chloride, HCl?

Answer 32

colourless gas at room temperature

Question 33

what is hydrochloric acid, HCl?

Answer 33

hydrogen chloride dissolved in water

Question 34

reaction of hydrogen and chlorine

Answer 34

forms hydrogen chloride when exposed to UV light

Question 35

reaction of hydrogen and bromine

Answer 35

hydrogen and bromine vapour will react when heated

Question 36

reaction of hydrogen and iodine

Answer 36

hydrogen and iodine vapour will react when heated but not fully

Question 37

reaction of chlorine and hot iron wool

Answer 37

• wool glows brightly
• forms brown smoke
• brown solid formed

Question 38

reaction of bromine and hot iron wool

Answer 38

• wool glows less brightly
• forms brown smoke
• brown solid formed

Question 39

reaction of iodine and hot iron wool

Answer 39

• wool glows even less brightly
• forms brown smoke
• brown solid formed

Question 40

trend for reactivity of halogens

Answer 40

less reactive down group