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Semester 2 - CVS > Session 2 - Heart development (1) > Flashcards

Session 2 - Heart development (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the CVS begin to develop at week 3 of embryological development?

A

The embryo can no longer rely on simple diffusion to receive nutrients

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2
Q

What does lateral folding of the trilaminar disc do for the formation of CVS?

A

Allows them to fuse and create the heart tube

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3
Q

What type of folding brings the heart tube into the thorax?

A

Cephalocaudal

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4
Q

What is shown in the image?

A

The heart tube

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5
Q

What is A?

A

Bulbus Cordis

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6
Q

What is B?

A

Ventricle

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7
Q

What two things is section C comprised of?

A

The atrium and sinus venosus

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8
Q

What is D?

A

The aortic roots

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9
Q

What is E?

A

The truncus arteriosus

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10
Q

What is looping driven by?

A

Expansion of the heart tube

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11
Q

How does the cephalic portion of the heart tube loop?

A

Ventrally, Caudally and to the right

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12
Q

How does the caudal portion loop?

A

Dorsally, cranially and to the left

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13
Q

What does looping of the heart tube achieve? (4)

A

* Primordium of right ventricle closest to outflow tract

* Primordium of left ventricle closest to inflow tract

* Atrium dorsal to bulbus cordus i.e. inflow is dorsal to outflow

* Creates the transverse pericardial sinus \ arteries are in front of the veins

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14
Q

What is A?

A

Outflow tract

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15
Q

What is B?

A

Right ventricle

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16
Q

What is C?

A

Left ventricle

17
Q

What is D?

A

Atria

18
Q

How does the atrium connect with the ventricle after looping?

A

Atrioventricular canal

19
Q

What does the atrioventricular canal drive?

A

Partioning of the heart

20
Q

What does the right atrium develop from?

A

* Most of the primitive atrium

* Absorption of the sinus venosus

21
Q

What does the left atrium develop from?

A

* Small portion of the primitive atrium

* Absorption of the proximal parts of the pulmonary veins (creates oblique pericardial sinus)

22
Q

What does the RA receive venous drainage from?

A

Receives venous drainage from

  • Vena Cavae
  • Coronary Sinus
23
Q

Where does the LA receive oxygenated blood from?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

24
Q

Another exciting heart for you guys and gals to label

What is A?

A

Superior vena cava

25
Q

What is C?

A

Inferior vena cava

26
Q

What is D?

A

Coronary sinus

27
Q

What is E?

A

Pulmonary veins

28
Q

Why does the foetus have two separate circulatory systems?

A

Lungs non-functional, so circulation must go through it

29
Q

How does foetus receive oxygen in utero?

A

* Receives oxygenated blood from the mother via placenta and umbilical vein

30
Q

How does foetal circulation differ from developed?

A
  • Lungs by-passed by foetal circulatory shunts
  • Shunt to bypass the right ventricle and lungs
31
Q

Why must some blood be pumped by right ventricle, despite it being useless as lungs not in use?

A

As muscle must build strength via use

32
Q

What do early arterial systems begin as?

A

Early arterial system begins as a bilaterally symmetrical system of arched vessels which then undergo extensive remodelling to create the major arteries leaving the heart.

33
Q

What is the name of the shunt which bypasses lungs after blood has been pumped for right ventricle?

A

Ductus arteriosus

34
Q

What do the right and left 4th arches of the aortic arch become?

A

* Right 4th arch > proximal part of the right subclavian artery

* Left 4th arch > arch of the aorta

35
Q

What do the right and left arches of the 6th arch become?

A

* Right 6th arch > right pulmonary artery

* Left 6th arch > pulmonary artery & ductus arteriosus

36
Q

What is the nerve corresponding to the sixth aortic arch?

A

Reccurent laryngeal nerve

37
Q

What two factors influence the course of the laryngeal nerve on the right and left side?

A

–caudal shift of the developing heart & expansion of the developing neck region
–the need for a fetal shunt between PT & aorta

Semester 2 - CVS (15 decks)

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