B1- Human Health And Diet Flashcards
What does food supply living organisms with
Energy and nutrients
What’s must a balanced diet contain and why?
Carbohydrates - energy
Fats- some energy and to protect organs
Protein- growth, repair, maintenance and some energy
What are carbohydrates made from?
Simple sugars
What are fats and Proteins made up of
Fats are made from fatty acids and glycerol.
Proteins are made from amino acids
Where are carbohydrates stored and what as?
They are stored in the liver as glycogen
Where are fats and proteins stored
Fats are stored under the skin and around organs, proteins are not stored
What other nutrients Are required in the diet for other reasons than energy and why are they needed
Minerals- iron to make Haemoglobin in red blood cells
Vitamins- E.g vitamin c to prevent scurvy
Fibre - to prevent constipation and to maintain healthy bowels.
Water- to prevent dehydration and help remove waste
Why might people alter their diet ?
Beliefs about animal welfare (vegetarians and vegans )
Religious beliefs( Islam and Judaism prohibit eating pig meats)
Medical issues (food allergies such as peanuts)
Age- younger people need more food as they are more active
Gender- males need more calories as they are bigger and having more muscle
Activity- E.g a builder will need more calories
What does required energy depend on
Age
Gender
Activity levels
What must be balanced to maintain a healthy body mass
The amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy used
How do you calculate BMI
BMI = mass(kg)/height( m ▫️)
What can obesity lead to ?
Arthritis
Heart disease
Type 2 diabetes
Breast cancer
How are essential and non essential amino acids gained
Essential are taken from food.
Your body makes non essential
What are first class proteins(examples)
Proteins from animal origin that contain all the essential amino acids, e.g meat and fish
What does protein deficiency cause ?
Kwashiorkor-a common disease in overpopulated countries
