Enzyme

Question 1

Define biological catalyst

Answer 1

speed up chemical reactions that otherwise would occur slowly at the temperature in cells

Question 2

Define EA

Answer 2

minimum amount of energy needed to break bonds in order to convert substances into products and start the reaction

Question 3

Define active site

Answer 3

Precise 3D shape includes a dent in the surface used for a catalytic function

Question 4

Define enzyme- substrate complex

Answer 4

substrates form temporary bonds with amino acids of the active site creating an enzyme substrate complex

Question 5

Define lock and key theory

Answer 5

substrates fits into a specific enzyme just like a key is specific to a lock therefore a substrate is likened to a key which fits into the enzyme which is the lock which is known as the lock and key theory. Each enzyme will only catalyse once.

Question 6

Define induced fit theory

Answer 6

Active site is often flexible
Enzyme slightly changes when substrate enters active site to fit more closely around it
Slight change of shape enables reaction

Question 7

How do enzymes lower EA?

Answer 7

Attraction of oppositely charged groups may distort the shape of substrate and assist in breaking of bonds or formation of new bonds
Inside cells enzymes can be free or attached to membrane
Large substrates broken in catabolic reactions
Could be anabolic