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Pharmacology Test 2 > Antibiotics (Specific) > Flashcards

Antibiotics (Specific) Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Allergy most common adverse effect
  2. If client is allergic to penicillin, avoid cephalosporins
    - cross sensitivity
  3. Diarrhea, N/V ANAPHYLAXIS, super-infections
  4. Skin rash; decreased RBC, WBC, or platelet count
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2
Q

Penicillins

-Contraindication

A
  1. Previous hypersensitivity to penicillins (cross-sensitivity w/ cephalosporins) Avoid cephalosporins if there is allergy to penicillin
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3
Q

Penicillins

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Instruct Pt to take medication around the clock and to FINISH DRUG COMPLETELY as directed.
  2. Report signs of superinfection and allergy
    - black, furry overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul-smelling stools)
  3. Pt w/ allergy to penicillin should carry ID card with this info on it
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4
Q

Penicillins

-Overview

A
  1. Effective against gram-positive bacteria
  2. Kill bacteria by disrupting cell wall
  3. One of the safest classes of antibiotics
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5
Q

Cephalosporins

-Adverse Reactions

A
  1. Anaphylaxis
  2. Diarrhea, N/V, hypersensitivity
  3. Cross-sensitivity w/ penicillins
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6
Q

Cephalosporins

-Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins

2. Serious hypersensitivity to penicillins

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7
Q

Cephalosporins

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Avoid alcohol
    - Some cephalosporins cause disulfiram (Antabuse) like reaction w/ alcohol
  2. Advise pt to report signs of superinfection and allergy
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8
Q

Tetracyclines

- Overview

A
  1. Some of the broadest spectrums of any antibiotic class
  2. Only used on a few disease because of large number of resistant bacterial strains
  3. BACTERIOSTATIC
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9
Q

Tetracyclines

- Adverse Effects

A
  1. Do not take w/ milk
    - it decreases absorption of both calcium and iron by 50%
  2. Permanent yellow-brown tooth discoloration in children
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. N/V, superinfections
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10
Q

Tetracyclines

-Contraindication

A
  1. Contraindicated for clients who are pregnant or lactating
    - Effects on linear skeletal growth of fetus and child
  2. Contraindicated in children less than 8 yrs of age
    - permanent mottling and discoloration of teeth
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11
Q

Tetracyclines

- Patient Teaching

A
  1. Do not take w/ other minerals
    - Avoid taking milk or other Dairy w/ tetracycline
  2. Caution pt to use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reaction
  3. Advise pt’s to use non-hormonal method of contraception while on the drug
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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

-Overview

A
  1. narrow-spectrum drugs
  2. bacteriocidal
  3. Reserved for serious systemic infections of AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
  4. GENTAMICIN (GARAMYCIN)
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13
Q

Aminoglycosides

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Ototoxicity

2. Nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides

-Contraindication

A
  1. Hypersensitivity

2. Renal Impairment (caution)

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15
Q

Aminoglycosides

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Increase fluid intake to promote excretion
  2. Report signs of hypersensitivity
  3. Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
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16
Q

Fluoroquinolone’s

-Overview

A
  1. All have activity against GRAM-NEGATIVE pathogens
  2. Used for infections of Respiratory system, GI and GU tracts, skin, and soft tissue
  3. Bacteriocidal
17
Q

Fluoroquinolone’s

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Dysrhythmias and liver failure
  2. Dizziness, drowsiness
  3. Photophobia
  4. TENDON RUPTURE IN CHILDREN
18
Q

Fluoroquinolone’s

-Contraindications

A
  1. Hx of myasthenia gravis

2. Do not use in CHILDREN and PREGNANT and LACTATING women

19
Q

Fluoroquinolone’s

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Do not take w/ multivitamins or minerals
    - can cause decrease absorption by up to 90%
  2. May cause dizziness and drowsiness
    - Caution pt’s to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness
  3. Sunscreen to prevent phototoxicity
20
Q

Sulfonamides

-Overview

A
  1. Broad spectrum
  2. Used in a combination to treat UTI’s
  3. Bacteriostatic
  4. Assess Renal Function
21
Q

Sulfonamides

-Primary Use

A

Bactrim

1. Urinary Tract Infections

22
Q

Sulfonamides

-Adverse effects

A
  1. Agranulocytosis
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. N/V and skin rashes
  4. Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
23
Q

Sulfonamides

-Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
  2. Severe renal impairment
  3. Pregnant women
24
Q

Sulfonamides

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Caution pt to use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reactions
  2. Instruct pt to notify HCP if fever, rash and diarrhea develop. Do not treat diarrhea w/out consulting HCP
25
Q

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

-Primary Use

A
  1. Considered a big gun

2. Effective for MRSA infections

26
Q

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Ototoxicity
  2. Nephrotoxicity
  3. Red man syndrome
27
Q

Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Primary Use/Overview

A
  1. Used to prevent disease in high-risk populations

2. 2-4 antibiotics administered concurrently

28
Q

Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Contraindications

A

Clients w/ hx of:

  1. Alcohol abuse
  2. AIDS
  3. LIVER DISEASE
  4. Kidney disease
29
Q

Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Patient Teaching

A
  1. Get baseline LIVER, EYE, and NERVE tests before starting treatment
30
Q

Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Isoniazid

A

Avoid foods containing tyramine while on isoniazid

Pharmacology Test 2 (10 decks)

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