LECTURE 12 Flashcards
Myocardial Infarction
(heart attack) occurs when blood flow stops to part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle;
Circulatory System
(1) circulatory fluid (blood) (2) a set of interconnecting vessels (blood vessels) (3) muscular pump (heart)
Atrium
a chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle
Ventricle
(1) a heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart (2) a space in the vertebrate brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Blood Vessel
(1) Arteries branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart [to the capillaries] (2) Capillary: microscopic vessels with very thin, porous walls; networks of them [capillary beds] infiltrate tissues and are the sites of chemical exchange between blood and IF (3) Venules converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart
Blood
a connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended
Closed Circulation
a circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the IF; heart drives circulation
-Benefit: (1) high pressure [rapid transport] (2) directed flow (3) regulated distribution
Hemolymph
In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues
Double Circulation
a circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit {amphibians, reptiles, mammals}
Gas Exchange Circuit
O2-poor blood flows through the gas exchange organ to pick up oxygen; pulmonary circuit in reptiles and mammals (lung); pulmocutaneous circuit in amphibians (lung: air, skin: water)
Systemic Circuit
O2-rich blood delivers O2 throughout the body
Pulmonary Arteries
pumps blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins
O2 rich blood from the lungs enters the left atrium
Atrium
A chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle
Vena Cavas
blood returns to the heart through the superior vena cava (blood from head, neck, and forelimbs) and inferior vena cava (blood from trunk and hind limbs)
-both flow into the right atrium