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chapter 1 > 1.2 > Flashcards

1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Organelles

A

A cell structure that carries out a function vital to the cells survival

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2
Q

What percent do organelles take up in a cell?

A

5-30% the rest is water

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3
Q

What are many organelles surrounded by?

A

Membrane

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4
Q

Membrane

A

A thin, flexible covering that separates 2 environments

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5
Q

Cell membrane?

A

A membrane that separates the inside of a cell from its surroundings
Protects the cell and controls the movement of particles into and out of the cell

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6
Q

Inside the cell number rain, what are the organelles contained by?

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A gel, or jelly like, substance inside the cell that contains the organelles, water and other life supporting materials

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8
Q

What are the nine major organelles in plant and animal cells?

A 
Nucleus 
Mitochondrion
Vacuole 
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body 
Ribosome
Vesicles 
Chloroplast
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9
Q

Nucleus?

A

Found only in eukaryotic cells
Controls the activities and processes in the cell
Contains most of the cells genetic material in the form of DNA

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10
Q

DNA?

A

Long molecules of genetic material that carry hereditary material (genes) that gets passed on from one generation to the next

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Found in most eukaryotic cells

Produces energy for the cell using cellular respiration

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12
Q

Cellular respiration?

A

A process of chemical reactions that convert chemical Energy of food into other forms of energyused by the cell to complete other activities and processes

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13
Q

What do cells that do more work have more of

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

What is the total of all chemical reactions that take place in cells?

A

Metabolism

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

The set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life

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16
Q

The higher the metabolism the….and the…

A

The more chemical reactions take place

The more energy produced by the mitochondria

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17
Q

What are many organelles involved with

A

Involving in assembling, transporting or storing proteins

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18
Q

Proteins

A

A large molecule that forms the building blocks of a variety of cell structures and activities

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19
Q

Ribosome

A

A small organelle that uses instructions from dna to assemble proteins

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20
Q

Properties of ribosome?

A

Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Some float freely in the cytoplasm
Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

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21
Q

Are proteins transported by

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of channels that sort and transport proteins

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23
Q

Properties of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Found only in eukaryotic cells
All its folds increase its overall surface area
Acts as the transport network inside a cell

24
Q

Proteins are sorted mad transported by

A

Golgi body

25
Q

Golgi body

A

Sorts and modifies proteins, then wraps them up in membranes for further transport, possibly to outside the cell

26
Q

Properties of Golgi body

A

Found only in eukaryotic cells

Functions closely with ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Vesicles

A

The membrane wrapped structures that transports proteins, nutrients and water into, out of and around the Golgi body

28
Q

The membrane wrapped structures formed by Golgi body are

A

Vesicles

29
Q

Properties of vesicles

A

Found only eukaryotic cells

Function like a mail delivery system

30
Q

What is the storage structure of a cell

A

Vacuole

31
Q

Vacuole

A

A membrane wrapped organelle that stores nutrients, waste and water until the cell needs them or can get rid of them

32
Q

Properties of vacuole

A

Found Only In eukaryotic cells
Usually much larger in plant cells than animal cells
Also helps control the pressure inside a cell

33
Q

Worn out organelles and other bits of lately cellular waste are called..

A

Lysosomes

34
Q

Lysosomes

A

An organelle that breaks down and recycles worn out or extra organelles

35
Q

Properties of lysosomes

A

Found only in eukaryotic cells
Breaks down:some types of nutrients
::::::::::::::::::::::Pieces of large cellular waste
::::::::::::::::::::::Invading viruses and bacteria

36
Q

What are the two structural differences between animal and plant cells

A

Chloroplast

Cell wall

37
Q

Cell wall

A

A tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane to support and protect the cell and give it a box like shape

38
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle that traps solar energy and produces food through photosynthesis

39
Q

How do plants produce there own food

A

Photosynthesis

40
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A process that combines absorbed solar energy with car in dioxide and water to produce food and oxygen

41
Q

What is the exception for photosynthesis? What can they use the chloroplasts for?

A

Some species of marine slugs absorb chloroplast from the algae they eat
They can use these chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis to survive for months at a time

42
Q

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

A
  • Plant cells generally have one large vacuole
  • Animal cells generally have many, smaller vacuoles
  • plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells don’t
  • plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells don’t
  • plant cells generally have a rectangular, boxed like shape
  • animal cells are generally spherical
43
Q

What are the three cell theory’s?

A

The cell is the basic unit of life
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
All cells come from other living cells

44
Q

Cells are divided into two groups, what are the two groups?

A

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

45
Q

Prokaryotic cells? Includes…

A

A cell who’s organelles is not surrounded and contained by membranes
Include
-bacteria
-archaea

46
Q

Eukaryotic cells? Includes..

A 
A cell who's organelles are surrounded and contained by membranes
Includes
-animals
-plants 
-fungi
-Protists
47
Q

How many species of bacteria have been identified on earth?

A

More than 5000

48
Q

Bacteria

A

Small prokaryotic cells that can cause infection or disease, but can also play in Porten part in the survival of other organisms

49
Q

Some bacteria cause illness, what can be used to fight this

A

Antibiotics

50
Q

Streptococcus

A

Causes ear and throat infections

51
Q

What’s an example of a bad bacteria

A

Streptococcus

52
Q

What’s an example of a good bacteria?

A

The digestive system relies on bacteria to help digest large food components

53
Q

Bacteria are categorized in three groups based on..

A

Their shape

54
Q

What are the three bacteria grouse and how are they shaped?

A

Cocci (sphere shaped)
Bacilli (rod shaped)
Spirilla (spiral shaped)

55
Q

Virus

A

Tiny, non living particle that carries genetic material that invades host cells in order to reproduce

56
Q

What two things do viruses not have? Where are there functions provided by?

A

No nucleus or organelles

Functions provided by their host cell

57
Q

What happens after the host cell produces copies of the virus?

A

The host cell bursts, killing the host cell

chapter 1 (3 decks)

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