week 3 Flashcards
OTC
NON PRESCRIPTION
60% of all meds
Criteria for OTC Status
Consumer must be able to clearly diagnosis his/her condition (ie. Abdo pain, fever, cough)
Consumer must be able to monitor the effectiveness of the drug
Indication for use should be clearly listed
Safety profile should be limited to drug interaction and a low rate for abuse
Practical for OTC use (easy to use and easy to monitor)
tylenol dont need to know this
is the most toxic medication because it effects the liver and it is the most misused medication
*if you self medicate dont need to know this
you can wait two days before seeking medical therapy
About — % of all modern drugs are derived from plants.
30%
Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
NOT FDA APPROVED
Herbal products are known as “alternative medicine”
Herbal products are considered “dietary supplements”
No proof of efficacy or safety requirements
No standards for quality control
May claim effective but do not have to promise a specific cure
These are not FDA approved
Patient’s need to do there own research and educate themselves
Generally not endorsed by the health care team
does not have to be passed through inspection
Herbal Supplements
Herbal medications are often perceived as natural agents, therefore harmless, but this is not the case.
They are indeed medications and should be respected as such
Very little is known about these remedies because there is no law to report side effects, toxic effects, effectiveness etc. when compared to synthetic drugs.
Echinacea
Used to improve immune function, known to increase T-cell production.
May have anti-inflammatory properties
Contraindicated:
In patients with TB, M.S., diabetes or autoimmune diseases. It may increase inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Ginseng
Used to increase physical endurance and reduce fatigue.
May decrease blood sugar
Contraindications:
People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely
Interacts with anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents, caffeine and theophylline. May cause irregular heart beats.
theophylline
for COPD and a lot of interactions
Ginkgo Biloba
Improve circulation, especially in the nervous system. Improves cerebral circulation and cognitive function in patients with cerebrovascular disease. To improve memory
Contraindications:
May increase bleeding time and other coagulation factors.
May decrease the effectiveness of anticonvulsants and increase the effects of anticoagulants.
Garlic
May reduce cholesterol (only for 6 months).
Anti-infective properties, may be effective in the treatment of Helicobacter Pylori of the stomach.
Contraindications:
may increase bleeding time, may inhibit iodine absorption (should not be taken by people with hypothyroidism)
Anticoagulants, oral anti-diabetic and insulin interact with garlic.
St John’s Wart
Provides antidepressant effects
Contraindications:
Used with prescription antidepressants, ie: Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft can lead to toxicity.
May interact with diuretics, NSAID’s, oral contraceptives, digoxin and coumadin.
homeopathic meds
NOT HERBAL DRUGS are non toxic, highly diluted, low doses, will make the body go back to normal state.
very little drug-drug interactions.
the higher the number the more diluted it is.
used to treat allergies, ibs, arthritis, fever, skin
not considered for cancer, infection, and emergencies.
can be combined with a lot of other drugs because its safe
no FDA
include in history
Enteral Nutrition
Provision of food or nutrients through the GI tract
Available in a digested form, partially digested or indigested form
