Chapter 3 WATER:

Question 1

What is biological medium? (Water is the biological medium on earth)

Answer 1

There are two major types of growth media. •Cell culture-specific cell types derived from plants of animals •Microbiology culture-growing microorganism (Bacteria and yeast)

Question 2

Does all living organisms require water more than any other substance?

Answer 2

YES! Every Organism needs water the most

Question 3

What is the percentage of water inside a cell?

Answer 3

Cells are made of 70%-95% of water. Most cells are surrounded by water

Question 4

Water molecule

Answer 4

Polar molecule

Question 5

What does polarity do?

Answer 5

Polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules

Question 6

Four emergent properties

Answer 6

1-Cohesive behavior 2- ability to moderate temperature 3- expansion upon freezing 4- Versatility as a solvent

Question 7

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 7

They hold water molecules together (cohesion) Picture them all linked together like children linking arms close together.

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

Helps the transport of water against gravity in plants

Question 9

Adhesion

Answer 9

Is an attraction between different substances Ex) between water and plant cell walls Ex) clinging on to things! And miniscule example gripping the walls of graduated cylinder

Question 10

Surface tension

Answer 10

Is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid High surface tension level= collective strength of hydrogen bonds (allows spider to walk on water)

Question 11

Spider legs

Answer 11

Have coated hydrophobic substance

Question 12

Water a____d heat from warmer air and r________s stored heat to cooler air.

Answer 12

Absorbed Releases

Question 13

Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat…

Answer 13

with only a slight change in its own temperature (By absorbing or releasing heat, oceans moderate coastal climates.)

Question 14

Kinetic energy

Answer 14

is the energy of motion

Question 15

Heat

Answer 15

is a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion (example ice cubes absorbs heat from warm liquid as the ice melts.)

Question 16

Heat passes to object with a warmer temperature to an object with a

Answer 16

cooler temperature

Question 17

Temperature

Answer 17

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules

Question 18

Specific Heat

Answer 18

of a substance is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1oC

Question 19

Specific Heat unit

Answer 19

1 cal/g/Celsuis Metal has a LOW specific heat allowing it to heat & cool quickly (think of your frying pan!)

Question 20

calorie (cal)

Answer 20

is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

Question 21

Water heats & cools slowly; its high specific heat is traced to hydrogen bonding

Answer 21

Heat is absorbed when hydrogen bonds break Heat is released when hydrogen bonds form

Question 22

Evaporative Cooling

Answer 22

As H bonds break as liquid (sweat) evaporates, its remaining surface cools (the skin). Evaporative cooling of water helps stabilize temperatures in organisms and bodies of water

Question 23

Evaporation

Answer 23

liquid to gas

Question 24

Heat of vaporization

Answer 24

is the heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas Water has a high heat of vaporization (an emergent property due to strength of hydrogen bonding)

Question 25

0 degrees freezes liquid water

Answer 25

ice floats

Question 26

Ice floats in liquid water because

Answer 26

hydrogen bonds in ice are more “ordered,” making ice less dense

Question 27

Solution

Answer 27

is a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances

Question 28

Solvent

Answer 28

is the dissolving agent of a solution

Question 29

Solute

Answer 29

is the substance that is dissolved

Question 30

Aqueous Solution

Answer 30

water is the solvent

Question 31

Water is a versatile solvent

Answer 31

Allows to form hydrogen bonds (b/c it’s polar)

Question 32

Hydration shell

Answer 32

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules (An ion is an atom that’s lost or gained an electron, making it have a net negative or positive charge)

Question 33

Hydration Shell

Answer 33

water molecules surround the individual ions

Question 34

Proteins can dissolve in water

Answer 34

Connected with Hydration shells

(sodium and Chloride example)

Question 35

Hydrophilic

Answer 35

substance is one that has an affinity for water

Question 36

Hydrophobic

Answer 36

substance is one that does NOT have an affinity for water

Question 37

Molecules

Answer 37

atoms join together

Question 38

Compound

Answer 38

when atoms of two or more different elements join together

Question 39

water is a molecule because….

Answer 39

because it is made from atoms that have been chemically combined

Question 40

Water is also a compound because its atoms are not all the same

Question 41

Molarity

Answer 41

moles per liter

6.02 * 10^23

Question 42

Hydrogen atom….

Answer 42

in a hydrogen bond between two water molecules can shift from one to the other.

Question 43

Hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind

Answer 43

and is transferred as a proton, or hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 44

Hydronium Ion

Answer 44

(H3O+) but often represented at H+

Question 45

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 45

(OH-) lost a proton

Question 46

Acid

Answer 46

is any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 47

Base (ph)

Answer 47

is any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

Basic solutions have pH values greater than 7

Question 48

Human blood

Answer 48

ph 7.4

Question 49

Answer 49

Ph Scale

Question 50

Ocean Acidification

Answer 50

CO2 dissolved in sea water forms carbonic acid