5.2 Study Guide Flashcards
(7 cards)
What happens with electrons during ionic bonds?
Electrons are transferred from one atom to the next. In the case of ionic bonds, the electrons in the metal atom are transferred to the nonmetal atom.
What happens with electrons during polar covalent bonds?
The bonding electrons are shared unequally between the two nonmetal atoms. One atom has more electrons than the other, making it partially negative and the other partially positive.
What happens with electrons during nonpolar covalent bonds?
The bonding electrons are shared equally between the two atoms.
What are the differences between a polar and nonpolar covalent bond?
In a polar covalent bond, the bonding electrons are unequally shared between the two atoms, while in a nonpolar covalent bond, these bonding electrons are equally shared. In a polar covalent bond, one atom has a stronger electronegativity. This results in it pulling harder on the electrons and not sharing them equally with the other atom. The atom with the higher electronegativity will have a partially negative charge because it will have more electrons than the other atom, which will be partially positive because it has fewer electrons than protons. In a nonpolar covalent bond, the atoms are neutral and do not have a charge.
When given two nonmetal atoms, what type of bond will form between them and why?
The two nonmetal atoms will form a covalent bond or a polar covalent bond between them. This is because nonmetals tend to gain electrons. When the two atoms get close to each other, they pull on each other’s electrons. However, they do not give them up. Instead, the electrons move in between the atoms and the two atoms share these bonding electrons. This forms a covalent bond. Both atoms have a high electronegativity, so protons in the nucleus of each atom will pull on the other atom’s electrons.
When given a nonmetal and a metal atom, what type of bond will form between them and why?
An ionic bond will form between the nonmetal atom and the metal atom. This is because the nonmetal has a much higher electronegativity than the metal, causing the bonding electrons to transfer over to the nonmetal. This forms an ionic bond between the two atoms. The metal has a tendency to give the electrons away because it has a weak electronegativity, so it cannot stop the nonmetal from taking its bonding electrons.
How does electronegativity determine what type of bond two atoms will form?
A high electronegativity difference between two atoms will result in an ionic bond, no difference in electronegativity will result in a covalent bond, and an in between difference, or medium difference, between two atoms will result in a polar covalent bond. Electronegativity determines these bonds because atoms with a higher electronegativity will pull electrons away from other atoms, creating polar covalent or ionic bonds. If atoms have similar electronegativities, then they will share these electrons and pull against one another, forming a covalent bond.
