DEFINITIONS

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic composition of an organism, all the alleles that it contains.

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

A change to the structure or quantity of the sequence of bases in DNA. (can be inherited if in gamete formation)

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

Expression/appearance due to genotype and environment.

Question 4

Modification

Answer 4

A change to the phenotype that does not affect the genotype (uninheritable).

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Section of DNA on a chromosome, codes for a particular polypeptide, determines single characteristic.

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

Position of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

One of the different forms of a gene

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

2 alleles different

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

2 alleles same

Question 10

Dominant allele

Answer 10

Always expressed in the phenotype

Question 11

Recessive allele

Answer 11

Only expressed in the phenotype when recessive

Question 12

Co-dominant alleles

Answer 12

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

Question 13

Monohybrid inheritance

Answer 13

The inheritance of a single gene

Question 14

Sex-linked gene

Answer 14

Any gene carried on the X or Y chromosome.

Question 15

Carrier

Answer 15

An individual who carries the allele without it being expressed in their phenotype

Question 16

Multiple alleles

Answer 16

When a gene has more than 2 allelic forms