Cell Structure and Division by Mitosis

Question 1

Give 3 things that may be found in a Eukaryotic cell, but no a Prokaryotic one? [3]

Answer 1

• True Nucleus
• ## Membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Function of a Nucleus [1]

Answer 2

Where genetic information is stored controls the activities of a cell

Question 3

Function of a Mitochondrion [1]

Answer 3

Site of several stages of aerobic respiration/synthesis of ATP

Question 4

Two structures commonly found in the chloroplast [2]

Answer 4

• Granum
• Lamella
• Stroma

Question 5

Function of the Golgi Apparatus [1]

Answer 5

Processes and packages lipids and proteins

Question 6

Function of a Lysosome [1]

Answer 6

Contains a powerful digestive enzyme that has to be kept separate form the rest of the cell

Question 7

Function of a Ribosome [1]

Answer 7

Site of protein synthesis

Question 8

Function of the RER [1]

Answer 8

Contains ribosomes on its surfaces and modifies these proteins that are produced

Question 9

What is a Eukaryotic cell wall made from? [1]

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

What is a Prokaryotic cell wall made from? [1]

Answer 10

Peptidoglycan

Question 11

What is the function of the microvilli [1]

Answer 11

Increase the surface area available for exchange

Question 12

What is the difference between Villi and Microvilli? [1]

Answer 12

Villi are found in the small intestine and are folds in the WALL whereas micro villi are folds on INDIVIDUAL CELLS

Question 13

Give the order of cell organisation [5]

Answer 13

Specialised Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ systems -> Organisms

Question 14

What is a tissue [1]

Answer 14

A group of specialised cells

Question 15

Describe how DNA is contained in Prokaryotic Cells? [2]

Answer 15

Left freely floating in the cytoplasm or containing in circular loops called plasmids

Question 16

What is the method by which viruses replicate themselves? [1]

Answer 16

Binary Fission

Question 17

What is the protein coat around a viral cell called? [1]

Answer 17

A capsid

Question 18

What is meant by resolving power? [1]

Answer 18

The ability to distinguish between two points that are close together

Question 19

Why is the resolving power of an electron microscope greater than an optical microscope? [1]

Answer 19

Wavelength of the electrons is shorter than light

Question 20

Advantages of optical over electron? [3]

Answer 20

• Cheaper
• Not as advanced so anyone can use them
• Can observe alive specimens

Question 21

Advantages of electron over optical [3]

Answer 21

Lotsssssssssss

Question 22

How would you separate the nuclei from a leaf tissue? [4]

Answer 22

• First homogenate using a blender to break open all of the cells releasing the organelles into solution
• Then filter to remove any cell debris
• Spin in a centrifuge, pour of supernatant, this first pellet formed will be the nuclei

Question 23

What should the homogenate be placed in?

Answer 23

An ice cold buffer solution which is isotonic to the organelles

Question 24

What happens in S phase? [2]

Answer 24

• Synthesis of new organelles

- Synthesis of the genetic material