DNA replication, transcription and RNA prcoessing

Question 1

what does antiparallel mean?

Answer 1

2 polynucleotide DNA strands have opposite polarity

Question 2

what is meant by semiconservative?

Answer 2

each new DNA double helix is made from one original strand (from parental helix)and one newly made strand

Question 3

what is enzyme responsible for DNA replication?

Answer 3

DNA polymerase (DNA replication fork)

Question 4

what direction does DNA synthsis occur in and why?

Answer 4

5’-3’ direction because an incoming nucleotide can only be added to 3’ carbon of deoxyribrose

Question 5

what are the strands on replicating DNA?

Answer 5

leading - continuous replication

lagging (produce ozaki fragments) - discontinuous replication

Question 6

what initiates DNA replication ?

Answer 6

primers (RNA)

Question 7

what enzyme unwinds parental DNA?

Answer 7

DNA helicase

Question 8

what are SSBPs?

Answer 8

single-stranded binding proteins

they maintain inwound DNA structure

Question 9

what enzyme detaches primer?

Answer 9

ribonuclease H

Question 10

what enzyme links ozaki fragments?

Answer 10

DNA ligase (covalent bonds)

Question 11

what are 2 steps in gene expression?

Answer 11

transcription and translation

Question 12

name 3 strutcural differences between RNA and DNA?

Answer 12

RNA is a single strand, DNA is double.
RNA contains ribrose sugar, DNA sugar is deoxyribrose
RNA has uracil, DNA has thymine

Question 13

what are 3 phases in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 13

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 14

what initiates RNA transcription?

Answer 14

binding of RNA polymerase to promotor region/sequence.