Treatment decision making

Question 1

Who discovered the Expected Utility theory?

Answer 1

Neumann and Morgentern 1947.

Question 2

What is the expected utility theory?

Answer 2

(classical decision theory) an ideal of how people should make risky decisions based on probability axioms

Links choice with values, probability of each option

Normative theory

Question 3

What is experiental-intuitive (heuristic)

SYSTEM 1

Answer 3

Fast thinking, automatic and resistant to change

Question 4

What is analytic-systematic

SYSTEM 2

Answer 4

Slow thinking, effortful and open to change

Question 5

What is transitivity?

Answer 5

If prefer A to B, B to C, then A to C.

Question 6

What is invariance?

Answer 6

preference should not be affected by the presentation of options

Question 7

Bounded Rationality

Answer 7

Simon 1995

Question 8

Bounded rationality

Answer 8

we DON’T have the capacity to make decisions, and ALL people make similar errors in judgement

Question 9

What is anchoring and adjustment?

Answer 9

reliant on one piece of info given to govern decisions and alter decision based on additional info

Question 10

Heuristics

Answer 10

experienced-based techniques for problem solving (Same as experiential/intuitive decision making)

Question 11

Elimination by aspects

Answer 11

Tversky

Question 12

Graber et al (2002)

Answer 12

Noted three types of errors in diangosis:
 No fault: silent disease, mimics, not known, poor quality data from the patient, etc.
 System: culture left too long, missed appointment, unsupervised junior, delays in x-rays, etc.
 Cognitive: misdiagnosis from poor data collection, interpretation, flawed reasoning, incomplete knowledge – BEING A HUMAN