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Health Psychology > Predicting Health Behaviour > Flashcards

Predicting Health Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What are the big 5 personality traits according to McCrae & Costa (1987)?

A 
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
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2
Q

What personal factors influence health behaviour?

A

Personality traits
Attitudes
Locus of control
Unrealistic optimism

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3
Q

What 3 parts are attitudes made up of?

A
  • Cognition: Beliefs about the attitude-object
  • Emotional: Feelings towards the attitude-object
  • Behavioural: Intended action towards the attitude-object
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4
Q

What are the 3 dimensions identified by the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale?

A
  • Internal: Individuals see themselves as the prime determinant of their health state
  • External: External forces such as luck or fate are seen to determine an individual’s health state
  • Powerful others: Health state is determined by the actions of others, e.g. medical professionals
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5
Q

What are the 4 factors associated with unrealistic optimism?

A
  • Lack of personal experience with the behaviour/problem
  • Belief that their individual actions can prevent the problem
  • Belief that if the problem has not emerged already it is unlikely to do so in the future
  • Belief that the problem is rare
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6
Q

What is an example of humans being inconsistent in their health behaviours?

A

People who exercise also smoke

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7
Q

What does the Health Belief Model propose?

A

The possibility that a person will engage in a particular health behaviour depends on demographic variables and a variety of beliefs that might arise after a particular internal or external cue to action

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8
Q

What 3 elements of the health belief model contribute to likelihood of the behaviour?

A

Perceived benefits
Cues to action
Health motivation

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9
Q

What are the 2 elements of perception of threat?

A

Perceived severity

Perceived susceptibility

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10
Q

What are the 2 elements of behavioural evaluation?

A 
Perceived benefits (of change)
Perceived barriers (to change)
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11
Q

What are examples of internal and external cues to action?

A

External: I’m worried about something I saw on TV about obesity
Internal: I feel tired from walking, maybe I should think about dieting

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12
Q

Why does the HBM only provide a limited account of human action?

A

Because its components only account for a small proportion of variance in behaviour change and the role of social norms and influence have been ignored

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13
Q

What does the Theory of Reasoned Action assume?

A
  • Individuals behave in a goal-directed manner

- Implications of actions (outcome expectancies) are weighed up in a rational manner

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14
Q

What does the Theory of Reasoned Action aim to explore & develop?

A

The psychological processes involved in making a link between attitude and behaviour

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15
Q

Why was the TRA model extended to include the concept of perceived behavioural control (becoming known as the TPB)?

A

To improve its ability to address non-volitional behaviour (behaviour that is not under a person’s control)

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16
Q

What is perceived behavioural control?

A

A person’s belief that they have control over their behaviour in certain situations, even in the face of barriers

17
Q

What does perceived behaviour control directly and indirectly influence?

A

Directly: person’s intention
Indirectly: behaviour

18
Q

What are some other variables that may add to a person’s intention and subsequent behaviour?

A
  • Moral norms: Some intentions/behaviours may be partially motivated by moral norms
  • Anticipatory regret: If certain behavioural decisions are made/not made
  • Self-identity: How one perceives/labels themself may influence intention
  • Implementation intention: Part of the process involved in turning an intention into an action
  • Self-efficacy beliefs may be more strongly associated with behaviour than perceived behaviour control beliefs
19
Q

What do stage of change models consider?

A

Individuals as being at discrete ordered stages, with each stage representing a greater inclination to a change outcome

20
Q

What are the 4 properties of stage models?

A
  • Classification system to define stages
  • Ordering of stages
  • Common barriers to change facing people within the same stage
  • Different barriers to change facing people in different stages
21
Q

Why was the Transtheoretical model developed?

A

To address intentional behaviour change and was initially applied to smoking cessation

22
Q

What are the 2 main assumptions of the Transtheoretical model?

A
  • People move through stages of change

- The processes involved at each stage are different

23
Q

What are the 5 stages of motivational readiness outlined by the Transtheoretical model?

A
  • Pre-contemplation: No intention to change
  • Contemplation: Awareness of need for change, but no plan for action
  • Preparation: Setting goals, making plans
  • Action: Behaviour change
  • Maintenance
24
Q

What are the 2 less common additional stages of the Transtheoretical model?

A
  • Termination: Person feels no temptation to lapse, belief in self-efficacy to maintain the change
  • Relapse: Returning to former behaviour/previous stage, can occur at any stage
25
Q

Why is the Transtheoretical model sometimes referred to as a spiral model?

A

It allows movement from one stage to another (forwards or backwards, with or without relapse)

26
Q

What are the psychological processes involves with each stage of the Transtheoretical model?

A
  • Pre-contemplation: Denial, low self-efficacy, more barriers
  • Contemplation: Seeking information, reduced barriers, increased benefits
  • Preparation: Goal setting, motivation, self-efficacy
  • Action: Realistic goal setting, social support
  • Maintenance: Self-monitoring, reinforcement
27
Q

Why was the Precaution Adoption Process Model developed?

A

As a framework for understanding deliberate actions taken to decrease health risks

28
Q

What are the 7 stages of the PAPM?

A
  • Unaware of issue
  • Unengaged (unrealistic optimism)
  • Considering whether to act
  • Deciding not to act
  • Deciding to act
  • Action
  • Maintenance
29
Q

Why was the Health Action Process Approach model developed?

A

To apply to all health-compromising and health-enhancing behaviours

30
Q

What does the HAPA model suggest?

A

The adoption, initiation and maintenance of health behaviour must be explicitly viewed as a process that comprises at least a preintentional motivation phase and a post-intention volition phase

31
Q

What does the motivation phase of the HAPA model involve?

A
  • Self efficacy
  • Outcome expectancies
  • Risk perception (severity/suceptibility)
  • Imagining successful outcomes, being confident in ability to achieve them
32
Q

What does the volition phase of the HAPA model involve?

A
  • Action planning
  • Implementation/intentions
  • Maintenance

Health Psychology (12 decks)

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