Causes of cell injurt

Question 1

what was black death caused by?

Answer 1

yersina pestis

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Condition in which the presence of abnormality causes loss of normal structure and function and consequently affects health

Question 3

Define the various types of pathology

1) General
2) systemic
3) experimental

Answer 3

1) study of disease processes which occur in all body systems
2) diseases found within an organ system
3) investigation and manipulation of animal and cell culture models of disease

Question 4

what are the responses and resolution to pathological changes to cells

Answer 4

Response

• acute inflammation
• defence

Resolution

• regeneration/repair
• chronic injury

Question 5

Define the following

1) Aetiology
2) Pathogenesis
3) Pathology
4) Clinical manifestations
5) Prognosis
6) Epidemiology

Answer 5

1) Cause of disease
2) Mechanism causing diease
3) molecular and morphologic changes to cells or tissues
4) signs and symptoms
5) secondary, systemic or remote consequences of disease
6) anticipated course of disease
7) incidence, prevalence and distribution

Question 6

What is hypoxia?

Answer 6

Oxygen deficiency, interferes with aerobic oxidative respiration

Question 7

What can hypooxia arise from?

Answer 7

Pneumonia so inadequate oxygenation
Blood loss anemia
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Ichemia- loss of blood supply to tissue

Question 8

Name some chemical agents

Answer 8

Posions
Tobacco
Alcohol
Glucose and salt alter osmotic balance
O2
Environmental agents

Question 9

Name 5 infectious agents

Answer 9

Infectious agents, Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasites

Question 10

What are prions

Answer 10

Small protein infectious particles which are resistant to inactivation by most procedures that modify nucleic acods

Question 11

Name 5 immunological reactions

Answer 11

Immune imbalance
Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivites
Graft rejection
Immune Deficieny