Volcanic landforms introduction

Question 1

Define volcanology

Answer 1

Volcanology is a term used to describe “all the processes by which solid, liquid or gaseous materials are forced into the earth’s crust or ejected onto the surface.” (An Integrated approach)

Question 2

Why are there so many different outcomes?

Answer 2

There are numerous different variations of the characteristics of these processes which consequently means there are numerous different outcomes in terms of very much contrastingly landscapes produced.

Question 3

Why is magma semi solid?

Answer 3

Material in the mantle has a high temperature, however it is kept in a semi solid state because of the enormous pressure exerted on it.

Question 4

How does magma reach the surface?

Answer 4

If this pressure is released by plate boundary movement, some of the semi­ solid material becomes molten and rises, forcing its way into weakness in the crust, or onto the surface where it cools crystallises and solidifies.

Question 5

Magma vs lava?

Answer 5

Molten rock is called magma below the surface and lava above the surface.

Question 6

Extrusive

Answer 6

­Extrusive­ formed from magma which has solidified on the earth’s surface e.g. the Giant’s Causeway in N. Ireland ­

Question 7

Intrusive

Answer 7

Intrusive­ produced when magma solidifies within the earth’s crust i.e underground, e.g. the Sill at Drumadoon, Arran. (you can seen them on the surface but they were formed underground). ­

Question 8

Both intrusive and extrusive produces…?

Answer 8

Hard, igneous rock.