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Pharma drugs > Gen pharma > Flashcards

Gen pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

[Action, clinical use]

A

Direct cholinomimetic agonist.
Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle.
Resistant to AChE.
For Postoperative ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention.

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2
Q

Carbachol

[Action, clinical use]

A

Direct cholinomimetic agonist.

Constricts pupil, relieves IOP in glaucoma.

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

[Action, clinical use]

A

Direct cholinomimetic agonist; Resistant to AChE.
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed angle glaucoma).
Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva (ex. Sjogren dse); glaucoma.

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4
Q

Methacholine

[Action, clinical use]

A

Direct cholinomimetic agonist.
Stimulates M receptors in airway.
*Challenge test for Asthma dx (bronchial hyperreactivity)

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5
Q

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

[Action, clinical use]

A

AChE inhibitor; inc. ACh.

Alzheimer dse

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6
Q

Edrophonium

[Action, clinical use]

A

AChE inhibitor; inc. ACh (very short-acting).

Used to dx for myasthenia graves. MG now diagnosed by anti-AChR antibody test

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7
Q

Neostigmine

[Action, clinical use]

A

AChE inhibitor; inc. Ach (long-acting)
Ileus (postop, neurogenic), urinary retention.
Myasthenia gravis.
Reversal of NMJ blockade (ex. postop, curare, flaccid paralysis).

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8
Q

Physostigmine

[Action, clinical use]

A

AChE inhibitor; inc. ACh.
Atropine overdose (Muscarinic antagonist).
Anticholinergic toxicity; crosses BBB (CNS effect).

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9
Q

Pyridostigmine

[Action, clinical use]

A

AChE inhibitor; inc. ACh.
Inc. muscle strength.
Myasthenia graves (long acting).

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10
Q

Atropine, Tropicamide

[Which organ, clinical use]

A

Muscarinic antagonist
Eye
Produce mydriasis, cycloplegia

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11
Q

Benztropine

[Which organ, clinical use]

A

Muscarinic antagonist, Anticholinergic.
CNS – M1 receptor (blocks ACh effect on basal ganglia).
Parkinson dse (tremor), acute dystonia.

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12
Q

Ipratropium

[Which organ, clinical use]

A

Muscarinic antagonist.
Respiratory; dec. respi secretion.
For COPD, asthma.

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13
Q

Scopolamine

[Which organ, clinical use]

A

Muscarinic antagonist
CNS (sedation)
For Motion sickness

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14
Q

Albuterol, Salmeterol

[Receptor, clinical use]

A

Sympathomimetic
B2 > B1.
>Albuterol: acute asthma.
>Salmeterol: longterm asthma, COPD.

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15
Q

Dobutamine

[Receptor, clinical use]

A

Sympathomimetic
B1 > B2, alpha.
HF (inotropic).
Cardiac stress test (inc. CO).

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16
Q

Dopamine

[Receptor, clinical use]

A

Sympathomimetic
D1 = D2 (B > alpha at higher doses).
Unstable bradycardia, HF, shock.
*Inotropic and chronotropic effects with alpha receptor

17
Q

Epinephrine

[Receptor, clinical use]

A

Sympathomimetic
B > alpha (higher doses)
Anaphylaxis, asthma, open-angle glaucoma.
>Low dose: B1, B2.
>Med dose: alpha1, B2 (antagonizes dobutamine).
>High dose: alpha1, B1, (B2) – stronger effect at B2 vs NE

18
Q

Isoproterenol

[Receptor, clinical use]

A

Sympathomimetic
B1 = B2.
Electrophysiologic eval of tachyarrhythmias.
Can worsen ischemia (inc. HR, contractility, O2 demand).

19
Q

Norepinephrine

[Receptor, clinical use]

A 
Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha2 > B1.
Hypotension (but dec. renal perfusion).
>alpha1: inc. TPR, inc. BP.
>B1: inc. HR, inc. SV, inc. CO, inc. PP.
20
Q

Phenylephrine

[Receptor, clinical use]

A 
Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha2
Rhinitis (decongestant)
Hypotension (vasoconstrictor)
Ocular procedures (mydriatic)
21
Q

Amphetamine

[Action, clinical use]

A

Indirect sympathomimetic agonist; reuptake inhibitor; releases stored catecholamines.
Narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

22
Q

Cocaine

[Action, clinical use]

A

Indirect sympathomimetic agonist; reuptake inhibitor.
Causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia.
*Don’t give w/ B-blockers (unopposed alpha1 activation, extreme hypertension)

23
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

[Clinical use, SE]

A

Irreversible alpha-blocker.
Pheochromocytoma (pre-op) – prevent catecholamine (hypertensive) crisis.
SE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia.

24
Q

Phentolamine.

Why should this be given to patients on MAO inhibitor?

A

Reversible alpha-blocker.
Give to pts on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing food (tyramine regulates BP).
SE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia.
*Tyramine foods: chocolate, alcoholic beverages, fermented foods (cheese)

25
Q

Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin
(-osin)
[use]

A

alpha1-selective blockers.

Relaxes urinary sphincters – urinary sx of BPH, PTSD (prazosin), HTN (except tamsulosin).

26
Q

Mirtazapine

[use, SE]

A

alpha2-selective blocker.
Depression.
SE: inc. serum chole, inc. appetite

27
Q

What are the 3 C’s of any muscarinic antagonist that crosses the BBB?

A

Cardiotoxicity (Torsades de Pointes)
Convulsions
Coma

28
Q

Atropine effects

A

Muscarinic antagonist; Blocks DUMBBEELSS.

Mydriasis, cycloplegia; Dec. airway secretions; Dec. gastric acid secretion, Dec. peristalsis; Dec. urinary urgency.

29
Q

Clonidine

[use]

A

alpha2-agonist (sympatholytic) – dec. sympa flow from presynaptic receptors in CNS.
HTN urgency (doesn’t dec. renal blood flow).
ADHD, Tourette syndrome

30
Q

alpha-methyldopa

[use, toxicity]

A

alpha2-agonist (sympatholytic).
HTN in pregnancy.
Toxicity: (+) Direct Coombs hemolysis, SLE-like syndrome.

31
Q

B-blockers

Effects

A

> Angina: dec. HR, contractility, dec. O2 demand.
MI, HF: dec. mortality
SVT: dec. AV conduction velocity (class 2 antiarrhythmics: metoprolol, esmolol).
HTN: dec. CO, dec. renin.
Glaucoma: sec. aqueous humor secretion.

32
Q

B-blockers

Selectivity

A

> B1 (A to M): Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.
Nonselective (N to Z): Nadolol, Propranolol, Timolol.
Mixed alpha/Beta antagonists: carvedilol, labetalol.

33
Q

Atropine Toxicity, treatment

A

> SE: inc. body temp (dec. sweating), dry mouth, flushed skin, cycloplegia, disorientation. [Hot as hare, Dry as bone, Red as beet, Blind as bat, Mad as hatter]
Tx: Physostigmine (Neostigmine, Edrophonium)

34
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (organophosphates: Echothiophate, Malathion, Parathion; Nerve gas Sarin)
DUMBBEELSS

A

Insecticides; farmers.
Irreversibly inhibit AChE.
Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Emesis, Excitation of skeletal muscle/CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation.
Tx: Atropine + Pralidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)

Pharma drugs (12 decks)

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