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MSK Anatomy > Anatomy of the Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the ball and socket of the hip joint?

A 
Ball = femoral head
Socket = acetabulum
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2
Q

The depth of the acetabulum is increased by what 2 structures?

A

Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum

Transverse acetabular ligament

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3
Q

The head of the femor is covered with articular cartilage apart for what structure?

A

Pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur

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4
Q

What are the functions of the 3 joint capsule ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

  • Y shaped
  • Prevents hyperextension of hip joint

Pubofemoral ligament
-Prevents overabduction of hip joint

Ischiofemoral ligament
-Secures from ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur

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5
Q

What is the chief flexor of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

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6
Q

What are the muscles that can flex the hip?

6

A 
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor group
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7
Q

What muscles cause hip extension?

A

Hamstrings

Gluteus maximus

Adductor magnus - posterior part

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8
Q

Name 3 hip abductors and medial rotators

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

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9
Q

Name the lateral rotators of the hip joint

A

Obturator internus and externus

Piriformis

Gluteus maximus

Gemelli

Quadratus femoris

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10
Q

What arteries supply the hip joint?

What artery supplies the head of femur?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
-Branches of profunda femoris artery

Artery to head of femur -> branch of the obturator artery

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11
Q

What nerves supply the hip joint?

A

Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Superior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

What are the two articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Femorotibial
Femoropatellar

(fibula is not involved in the knee joint)

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13
Q

Name the 4 capsular ligaments of the knee joint

A

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament

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14
Q

The tibial collateral ligament extends between which two points?

Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to what structure?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia

Deep fibres firmly attached to medial meniscus

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15
Q

The fibular collateral ligament extends between which two points?

A

From lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

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16
Q

What tendon passes deep to the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Tendon of popliteus

17
Q

The intra-articular structures within the knee joint consist of what 2 structures?

A

Cruciate ligaments

Menisci

18
Q

What is the weaker of the two cruciate ligaments?

Whats its blood supply like?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

poor blood supply

19
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia

Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee

20
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia

Prevent hyperflexion of knee

21
Q

What are the role of menisci of the knee joint?

A

Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption

22
Q

Describe the structure of the medial and lateral menisci

size, shape, what it connects to

A

Medial meniscus

  • C shaped, broader post.
  • Adheres to the deep surface of TCL

Lateral meniscus

  • Smaller and more freely moveable than medial
  • Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL
23
Q

How many bursae are around the knee joint?

How many of these communicate with the joint cavity?

A

12 bursae around knee

4 communicate with the joint cavity

24
Q

Name the bursae that communicate with the knee joint cavity

A

Suprapatellar bursa

Popliteal bursa

Anserine bursa

Gastrocnemius bursa

25
Q

What causes locking and unlocking of the knee joint

what movement is locking and unlocking?

A

Locking:
-Medial rotation of femur on the tibia

Unlocking:
-Lateral rotation of femur on the tibia

26
Q

What muscle causes the initial flexion which unlocks the knee?

A

Popliteus muscle

27
Q

What are the flexors of the knee?

A

Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius

28
Q

What are the extensors of the knee?

A

Quadriceps Femoris

MSK Anatomy (14 decks)

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