Harmful Microorganisms Flashcards

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1
Q

How can diseases be spread?

A
  • Microbes can be spread in food (salmonella), can be controlled by food hygiene
  • Microbes can be spread in water (cholera), can be controlled by water treatment
  • Microbes can need direct contact, can be controlled by barrier methods
  • Microbes can be spread in airborne droplets (influenza), can be controlled by tissue and isolation of patients
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2
Q

What are the stages of infectious diseases?

A

1) Microbe enters body
2) Reproduces many times without causing symptoms (incubation period)
3) Microbes cause the production of toxins
4) Toxins cause symptoms, eg. fever

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3
Q

Why is disease common in disaster areas?

A
  • Destruction of sewage systems leads to water contamination
  • Damage to electricity causes fridges to stop working and food to decay
  • Shortage of staff or hospitals damaged
  • Large numbers of people living close together
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4
Q

Who made discoveries in preventing diseases?

A
  • Louis Pasteur: proved microbes in air could make food go bad
  • Joseph Lister: invented first aseptic technique by putting carbonic acid on a wound to prevent infection
  • Alexander Fleming: discovered penicillin
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5
Q

How do we prevent antibiotic resistance?

A
  • Only prescribe when necessary

- Advise to finish dose so partially resistant bacteria are also killed

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