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BIO 111 > Ch 8 > Flashcards

Ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Recognize the equation for cellular respiration.

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy

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2
Q

What two coenzymes accept electrons and are therefore reduced and can then take electrons to the electron transport chain?

A

NAD+ and FAD
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ -> NADH
FAD + 2e- + H+ -> FADH2

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3
Q

Recognize the equation for the reduction of NAD+.

A

NAD+ + 2e- + H+ -> NADH

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4
Q

Name the three main phases of cell respiration.

A

Glycolysis- occurs in the cytoplasm ( on the thylakoids)
Preparatory step- occurs in mitochondria
Citric Acid Cycle- occurs in the mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain- occurs in mitochondria

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5
Q

What is the step between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?

A

In glycolysis, one 6 carbon molecule of glucose breaks down to two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis
NAD+ is reduced to NADH (endergonic) when glucose is oxidized to pyruvate (exergonic)

where the pyruvate made from glycolysis is oxidized by the NAD+, which is reduced to NADH and is sent to the electron transport chain.

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6
Q

What molecule enters glycolysis? What is the final product? How many ATP are produced? Is this substrate level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation? Is NADH produced?

A
  1. One 6 carbon molecule of glucose breaks down to two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate
  2. Pyruvate
  3. Net gain of ATP from glycolysis= 2
  4. Phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP
  5. Net gain of NADH=2
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7
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

Occurs in the cytoplasm (chloroplasts)

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8
Q

Is oxygen necessary for fermentation?

A

Fermentation is anaerobic, so it doesn’t need oxygen.

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9
Q

When do animals use fermentation?

A

Animal cells use pyruvate to produce lactate.

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10
Q

What electron carrier is cycling in fermentation?

A

.

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11
Q

What is produced when yeast use fermentation?

A

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

How many ATP are produced during fermentation? Is this an efficient process?

A

Net gain of ATP= 2

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13
Q

Describe the Preparatory Step that occurs before Krebs Cycle? What is the product? What is lost in order to produce this two carbon molecule from three carbon pyruvate?

A
  1. 3 carbon pyruvate is transformed to a 2 carbon Acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide is released
  2. 2 NAD+ molecule are reduced to NADH and carbon dioxide
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14
Q

How many ATP are formed by the electron transport chain for every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?

A

32-34 ATP

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15
Q

How many ATP are formed for every glucose molecule during all of cellular respiration?

A

36-38 ATP

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16
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

Oxygen

17
Q

Why does water form at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

Oxygen is reduced to form water

18
Q

Define catabolism.

A

.

19
Q

Define anabolism.

A

.

20
Q

What is the name of the four carbon molecule that joins with Acetyl CoA in the first stage of the Krebs Cycle to produce six carbon citrate?

A

1st transformation

21
Q

Where in the cell does Krebs Cycle occur? How much CO2 is produced? How much ATP? Is NADH produced? Is FADH produced? Where are these used?

A
  1. Matrix of the mitochondria

2.

22
Q

Specifically where in they mitochondria is the electron transport chain? Recognize that NADH-O cytochrome reductase, and cytochrome oxidase are electron carriers

A

Located in the cristae

23
Q

Where is ATP synthase?

A

In the inner membrane of mitochondria

24
Q

Where is the electrochemical gradient being formed?.

A

.

25
Q

What is providing the energy for H+ pumping?

A

.

26
Q

How do we use the term chemiosmosis?

A

.

27
Q

What product from the prep step can be used to synthesize both amino acids and fatty acids?

A

.

28
Q

Can amino acids and fatty acids be broken down into products that can enter glycolysis?

A

.

29
Q

What does ATP synthase do?

A

.

BIO 111 (6 decks)

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