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Step 1 - Elise > UW Day Six > Flashcards

UW Day Six Flashcards

1
Q

Age does what to CV system?

A

stiffens arterials

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2
Q

BMPR2 double hit - what inherited syndrome?

A

familial pulmonary fibrosis

  • First hit - predisposes to excessive endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation
  • Second hit - activates disease process, resulting in cardiac remodeling, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and progressive pulmonary HTN
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3
Q

Reliable = ?(aka) = ? definition
v
Accurate = ?definition

Which is the gold standard measurement?

A

Reliable = precise = in same area, not necessarily correct (he doesnt always do a good job, but he is reliable)

Accurate = close to the correct value all the time )gold standard measurement)

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4
Q

increased estrogen does what to the TBG? T3/T4?

A

increases TBG and the number of bound thyroid molecules, but free/active Thyroid hormone remains normal.

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5
Q

use what blot to descern if a gene is being expressed.

A

Northern blot - mRNA

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6
Q

what determines severity of ToF?

A

right ventricular outflow obstruction

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7
Q

a pedunculated mass in LA - scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide stroma, abnormal blood vessels, and hemorrhage

A

atrial myxoma

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8
Q

Urinary incontinence - etiology of:
stress

urge

overflow

A

stress- loss of urethral support and intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral sphincter pressure.

urge - detrusor overactivity/overcontraction

overflow - impaired detrusor contactility (impaired urination), bladder outlet obstruction

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9
Q

muddy brown casts are pathogneomonic for ____ (flattening of priximal tubular epithelial cell with loss of rbush border ad subsequent cell necrosis an ddenudation of tubular basement membrane)

A

ATN

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10
Q

What bug’s virulence factors?
LPS (macrophage activation and release of IL-1, 6, TNF-a) - bacteremia and septic shock
K1 capsular polysaccharide (prevents phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis) - neonatal meningitis
Verotoxin (shiga-like toxin that inactivates 60S rib., halting protein synthesis) - bloody gastroenteritis
HS/HL enterotoxins (incr fluid secretion) - watery gastroenteritis
P fibrae (adhesion to uroeptihelium) - UTI

A

E coli

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11
Q

3 MCC of meningitis in newborns

A

Group B strep - agalactiae
E. coli
Listeria

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12
Q

4 MCC of meningitis in 6mo-6years

A

Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningtidis
HiB
Enteroviruses

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13
Q

4 MCC of meningitis in 6 years to 60 years

A

Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis
Enteroviruses
HSV

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14
Q

3 MCC of meningitis in 60+ years

A

Strep pneumo
Gram negative rods
Listeria

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15
Q

S-100 means?

A

Neural crest origin

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16
Q

GFAP means?

A

astrocyte derivative (GBM, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor)

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17
Q

TNF-alpha, think what shock?

A

septic shock (IL-1 and IL-6 too)

18
Q

hypochromic microcytic anemia, reflexively think what

A

occult blood loss (GI)

19
Q

E. coli O157:H7 and shigella cause what?

sx: AKI, thrombocytopenia, HA with schistocytes
labs: decr Hb, Platelet count; increased BT, Lactate dehydrogenase, Br, BUN, Cr

A

HUS

20
Q

synaptophysin means what type of tumor?

A

neuronal origin: neuroectoderm, neuroendocrine

21
Q

adult intracranial tumor that arises from falx cerebri or tentorium cerebelli. involves somatosensory cortex and (CL sensory loss) or parietal association cortex (CL hemineglect).

A

meningioma

22
Q

unconjugated BR produce ___ gallstones

A

pigmented

23
Q

germ tubes

A

candida

24
Q

iron storage protein

A

ferritin

25
Q

iron transport protein

A

trasferrin

26
Q

target skin lesions - name and cause

A

erythema multiforme

Mycoplasma, HSV,

27
Q

filtration fraction =

A

FF = GFR/RPF

RPF = RBF x (1-Hct)
= PAH clearance
= (urine PAH x urine flow rate) / plasma [PAH]

28
Q

What is this:
-Manic (1 week of severe symptoms, marked impairment in functioning, psychotic features possible and hospitalization) + or - depressive episode.

  • Hypomanic episode(s) (less than four days, no psychotic features, changes functioning from baseline) + at least one depressive episode
  • at least two years of fluctuating, mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
A

Bipolar 1

Bipolar 2

Cyclothymic

29
Q

RBF =

A

= (renal artery pressure - renal vein pressure) / renal vascular resistance
= PAH / (1-Hct)

30
Q

Chronic lymphademia predisposes to…

A

angiosarcoma

31
Q

Catalase + organisms

A

Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs:

Nocardia, Psudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, Burkholderia, H pylori

32
Q

Encapsulated bacteris

A

Please SHiNE my SKis

Pseudomonas, Strep pneumo, HiB, Neisseria, E. coli, Salonella, Klebsiella

33
Q

Location of interventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns

A

germinal matrix

34
Q

What does Shaken Baby Syndrome cause?

A

subdural hematoma - bridging veins

35
Q

What can colonize old lung cavities (from TB, emphysema, sarcoidosis)

A

aspergillus

36
Q

Ventricular gallop:

  • Features: turbulent flow through the ventricles due to increased volume or heard during rapid filling of ventricles in diastole.
  • Normal in young adults, pregnancy, children
  • Abnormal in >40, HF, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, high output states
A

S3 gallop (right after S2

37
Q

Atrial gallop:

  • heard immediately after atrial contraction phase as blood is forced through a stiff ventricle
  • Normal in healthy older adults
  • Abnormal in younger adults, children, acute MI, ventricular atrophy
A

S4 gallop (before S1)

38
Q

digital clubbing is seen in…

A

hypoxia (i.e. restrictive diseases - bronchiectasis, TB, CF, empyema, chronic lung abscess)

39
Q

difference in cell type found in CSF between bacterial, fungal/TB, and viral.

A

bacterial - PMNs

fungal/TB and viral - lymphocytes

40
Q

What do these diagnostic markers in urine indicate (in respect to cause of UTI)?

  1. positive leukocyte esterase
  2. positive nitrite test
  3. positive urease test
A
  1. positive leukocyte esterase - WBC activity
  2. positive nitrite test - reduction of urinary nitrates by bacterial species (i.e. E coli)
  3. positive urease test - urease-producing bugs (Proteus, Klebsiella)

Step 1 - Elise (30 decks)

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