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General science And Ability > Natural Hazzards And Disaster > Flashcards

Natural Hazzards And Disaster Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Avalanche?

A
  • Loose Snow
  • Slab Avalanche
  • Powder snow
  • Wet snow Avalanche
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2
Q

Causes of Avalanche?

A
  • Snowstorm
  • Heavy Snowfall
  • Natural Cause
  • Human Activity
  • Warm Temperature
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3
Q

Effects Of avalanche?

A
  • Damage life and property
  • flashFloods
  • Economic Impact
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4
Q

Example of Avalanche in pak?

A
  • Pak army was strucked by an avalanche in April 2012
  • More than 130 died
  • avalanche left snow upto 25mt
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5
Q

Avalanche?

A
  • Mass of snow often mixed with Ice and Debris

* Travel down mountain destroying all

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6
Q

Drought?

A
  • Due to lack of rain
  • causes hydrologic imbalance.
  • lead to water shortage, depletion of ground water, soil moisture.
  • occur when transpiration and evaporation exceed percitipation.
  • seeding clouds to induce rainfall but had limited success.
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7
Q

Drought in Pak?

A

*Drought periods of 1992-2002 led to 120 casualties, effected 2.2mn.

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8
Q

Kinds of drought?

A
  • Permanent Drought
  • Seasonal drought
  • unpredictable drought
  • invisible drought
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9
Q

Causes of Drought?

A
  • Lack of rain fall
  • surface water flow
  • Human Factors
  • Global Warming
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10
Q

Economic Impact?

A
  • farmers spend more money.
  • harm to farms and properties
  • Beaches and lake side business activities effected.
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11
Q

Envoiremental Impact?

A
  • low the quality of soil, more wind erosion and organism parish.
  • water animal dies due to dry
  • vulnerability due to wildlife migration
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12
Q

Social Impact?

A

(most Felt)

  • clean water scarcity
  • Low food production
  • peoples migration
  • stress
  • people feel unsafe
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13
Q

Drought Mitigation?

A
  • Education
  • Stop pollution
  • water storage
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14
Q

Floods?

A
  • high water stage

* flow of water from its natural or artificial banks.

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15
Q

Causes of flood occurrences?

A

(Excessive runoff following heavy rains)

  • SnowMelt
  • Hurricanes and Slow tropical storm
  • Dam and levee failure
  • Lahar(sudden surge of glacial water and debris)
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16
Q

Types of floods?

A
  • Rapid On-Set Floods

* Slow On-Set Floods

17
Q

Effects of flooding?

A
  • Economy
  • Envoirement
  • people and animal
18
Q

Flood Control?

A
  • Monitoring
  • Forecasting
  • Action and mitigation
19
Q

Method of flood prevention?

A
  • Sea or coastal defence wall
  • Retaining walls
  • Town Planning
  • Vegetation
  • Education
  • Detention Basins
20
Q

History Of Floods in Pak?

A 
*(2010)
2000 killed, 20mn effected
Caused by record breaking rain in kpk punjab
*(2011)
361 died, 5.3mn effected
1.2 mn homes 
1.7 arable land effected
*(2012)
More than 100 died, thousands effected
result of intense monsoon rain
*(2013)
80+ died, 94 injuries
*(2014)
Rain in kashmir result in floods in river chennab and jhelum. 
*(2015)
109 killed, 46 injured (NDMA)
21
Q

Wildfire?

A
  • uncontrolled fire that wipe out
  • burns for days and weeks
  • tend to thrive in warm and dry climates
  • destroy forest and organic matter in it
22
Q

Types of wildfire?

A

(5- G.S.C.S.C)

  • Ground fire(Burn soil’s Organic material)
  • Surface Fire(burn from leaves, twigs and branches)
  • Crown Fire(burn tree top to tree top)
  • Spotting Fire(fire-band from crown fire)
  • Conflagration(enhanced with wind)
23
Q

Initiation of wildfire?

A

(6- C.S.L.B.A.F)

  • Camp Fire
  • Smoking
  • Lightning
  • Burning Debris
  • Accidents or equipment failure
  • Fireworks
24
Q

Effects of Wildfire?

A

*Economic Cost(money on firefighting chemicals, logistics, aircraft, trucks, and etc
*Soil and organic material (fire raise the temp of the soil to 900•c And wipe out all organic matter)
*WaterShed:
Wildfire makes the soil surface water repellent.

25
Q

Fighting wildfire?

A

(5- Fb.Fo.Ac.T.Ff)

  • FireBreakers (clear a ring around the fire by bulldozer or land equipment to get rid of fuel)
  • FiringOut (natural edge or boundaries)
  • Aircraft (water and fire reluctance chemical (Foam) thorugh air-tankers)
  • Technology (forecasting with the help of satellites, computers and etc)
  • Firefighters (Key to fighting fires)
26
Q

Urban Fire?

A

*Fire that involves structural components from residential, commercial or industrial building.

27
Q

Urban Fire causes and prevention?

A

(8- Ce.He.S.C.C.Iw.Fl.B)

  • Cooking equip (overheat pan or pot takes seconds)
  • HEATING EQUIPMENT
  • CARELESS SMOKING
  • CANDLES
  • CHILDREN PLAYING WITH FIRE
  • INADEQUATE WIRING
  • FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
  • BARBECUES

General science And Ability (20 decks)

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