Anatomy 3 - Head And Neck: Scalp, Face, Mastication, Neck

Question 1

Joints of the skull

Answer 1

• mostly solid joints: bones linked by solid fibrous joints called sutures - don’t allow much movement
• TMJ: synovial joint. Mandibular fossa temporal/head mandible. Held by ligaments: articular disc and lateral ligament

Question 2

Clinical issues of TMJ

Answer 2

• dislocation is nearly always forward + down

- disc thinning and clicking

Question 3

5 layers of the scalp

Answer 3

• Skin: sweath , sebaceous, vessels, hairs
• Connective tissue: dense, thick, fat, vessels
• Aponeurosis: membrane and muscles
• Loose connective tissue: spongy, where movement occurs
• Pericranium: dense cell layers: can become infected

Question 4

Clinical issues of the scalp

Answer 4

• infections of pericranium can go into brain
• tears in loose connective tissue
• Bleed a lot because very vascularized

Question 5

Mastication muscle characteristic

Answer 5

• act on the mandible
• supplied by the motor branch of trigeminal V nerve (V3: mandibular)
• pretty bulky
• derive from 1st pharyngeal arch
• function: chew-mash food, speech

Question 6

Mastication muscles: Masseter

• attachment
• function

Answer 6

• From zygotic, maxilla
• to : outer mandible
• function: elevate jaw, close mouth

Question 7

Mastication muscle: Temporalis

• attachment
• function

Answer 7

• from temporal fossa
• to coronoid mandible (anterior)
• Function: elevate and retract jaw

Question 8

Mastication muscles: lateral pterygoid

• attachment
• function

Answer 8

• From: sphenoid
• to: neck/head mandible, articular disc of TMJ
• Function: depress and protract jaw

Question 9

Mastication muscles: medial pterygoid

• attachment
• function

Answer 9

• From: sphenoid
• to: inner mandible
• Function: elevate and protract jaw

Question 10

Muscle of facial expression characteristics

Answer 10

• thin, superficial, elastic sheets
• originate from 2nd pharyngeal arch
• Motor: facial nerve + some autonomic supply
• Function: face expressions

Question 11

Muscles of facial expression: Frontalis

Answer 11

• Forehead wrinkles
• eyebrow raie
• attach to galeal aponeurosis

Question 12

Muscle of facial expression: orbicularis oculi

Answer 12

• Sphincter

- close eye

Question 13

Muscle of facial expression: orbicularis oris

Answer 13

• Sphincter around mouth
• close mourth
• lip position speech

Question 14

Muscles of facial expressionL Zygomaticus major

Answer 14

• elevate mouth angle

- attach to angle of mouth

Question 15

Muscle of facial expression: Platysma

Answer 15

• lowers jaw-lip

- tenses neck

Question 16

Muscles of facial expression: buccinator

Answer 16

• deep/thick
• put cheeks together
• important in suckling in baby
• signature: parotid duct goes through it

Question 17

Anterior neck muscle characteristics

Answer 17

• not in face but have impact because nerve smorgasbord
• clinical issues: neck lumps and bumps
• two muscle groups: suprahyoids and infrahyoids

Question 18

Hyoid bone

Answer 18

• not like the others
• attach/fixation point
• speech/swallowing

Question 19

Suprahyoid muscle characteristics

Answer 19

• bring hyoid up

- raise pharynx: important in swallowing

Question 20

Suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid

Answer 20

• supplied by facial VII
• from temporal (styloid)
• to hyoid bone
• function: elevate and fix the hyoid, particularly during swallowing

Question 21

Suprahyoid muscles: digastric

Answer 21

• anterior belly supplied by V3 (mandibular)
• posterior belly supplied by fascial VII
• from: temporal (mastoid)
• to mandible
• function: depress jaw and elevate-fix hyoid

Question 22

Suprahyoid muscles mylohyoid

Answer 22

• supplied from V3
• from Mandible (mylohyoid)
• to: hyoid
• function: depress jaw, elevate - fix hyoid when mouth is closed

Question 23

• Suprahyoid muscles: geniohyoid

Answer 23

• Supplied by C1 through XII
• from mandible
• to hyoid
• Function: depress jaw/elevate-fix hyoid

Question 24

Infrahyoid muscles: sternoihyoid

Answer 24

• supplied by C1-3
• From: sternum
• To: Hyoid
• Function: fix, depress hyoid

Question 25

Infrahyoid muscles: omohyoid

Answer 25

• supplied by C1-3
• attach from scapula to hyoid
• Function: fix and depress hyoid
• becomes tendicous over IJV and then muscly again

Question 26

Infrahyoid muscles: thyrohyoid

Answer 26

• supplied by C1 through XII
• thin flat muscle
• attach from thyroid to hyoid
• function: fix and depress hyoid

Question 27

Infrahyoid muscles: Sternothyroid

Answer 27

• supplied by C1-3
• deep
• attach from sternum to thyroid
• functionL fix depress hyoid

Question 28

Supply of face: sensory nerves

Answer 28

• Trigeminal (V) three branches:
• ophtalmic (V1)
• maxillary (V2)
• Mandibular (V3) : only motor part of trigeminal

Question 29

Supply of face: motor nerves

Answer 29

• facial: muscle of facial expression + some suprahyoids
• Mandibular (V3): chunky and deep: muscle of mastication. Some suprahyoids
• some suprahyoids and infrahyoids supplied by cervical plexus