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Cultural Anthropology > Chapter 1: Introduction To Anthropology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction To Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four subgroups of anthropology?

A

Physical anthropology
Archaeology
Linguistic Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology & Ethnology

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2
Q

What does the phrase “first contact” mean in Anthropology?”

A

Initial encounters between people of different societies.

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3
Q

What are the two main goals of anthropology ?

A

1) To understand the uniqueness and diversity of human behavior.
2) To discover the fundamental similarities that link human beings throughout the world in both the past and present.

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4
Q

What is anthropology ?

A

The systematic study of mankind using the four subgroups that bridge the natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.

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5
Q

What does Anthropos translate to?

A

Man

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6
Q

What is physical anthropology and what are its five subgroups?

A

The study of humans within an evolutionary framework.
Also known as biological anthropology.

Paleoanthropology 
Primatology
Osteology
Paleopathology
Forensic anthropology
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7
Q

What is archeology and its six subgroups?

A

The study of human past from material remains with an aim of ordering and describing the events of the past and explaining the meaning of those events.

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8
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

The study of human evolution through the analysis of hominid fossils.

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9
Q

Hominids

A

Bipedal beings as humans and their ancestors.

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10
Q

Primatology

A

The study of nonhuman primates.

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11
Q

What three species are considered primates?

A

Monkeys, apes and humans.

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12
Q

Osteology

A

The study of bones and skeletons.

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13
Q

Paleopathology

A

The study of the evidence of disease and injury in human skeletal remains.

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14
Q

Forensic Anthropology

A

The analysis and identification of human remains In a legal setting, often involving criminal cases.

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15
Q

What are archeological sites?

A 
Places where traces of ancient human activity are found.
Ex:
Burial sites
Habitation sites 
Kill sites 
Art sites
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16
Q

What is an artifact?

A

Any portable object used, modified, or made by humans.
Ex:
Stone tools
Ceramics

17
Q

What is a feature as defined in archeology?

A 
Non portable artifacts 
Ex:
Walls
Road systems 
Rock art
18
Q

What is an ecofact?

A

A non artifactual material remains that have cultural relevance.
Ex:
Wild and domestic plant and animal remains brought into a site: bone, pollen, seeds.

19
Q

Prehistoric archeology

A

The study of material remains of past cultures.

Prehistory = before written history

20
Q

Historical archeology

A

The study of material remains of past cultures including historical records. (After written history)

21
Q

Classical Archeology

A

The study of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations such as ancient Rome and Greece.

22
Q

Nautical Archeology

A

The study of human history through the analysis of maritime material culture. The focus is predominately the study of shipwrecks and submerged terrestrial maritime sites.

23
Q

Ethnoarchaeology

A

The study of modern people and cultures to understand past people and cultures.

24
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

The study of human languages throughout the world, including how languages change and evolve throughout time. How sounds are made, basic structure of language, role of language in a culture.

25
Q

Structural linguistics

A

The study of how languages work.

26
Q

Historical linguistics

A

The study of historical links between languages throughout the comparison and classification of languages.

27
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

The study of the connection between language and social behavior in different cultures.

28
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

A comparative and analytical study of culture and society.

29
Q

Ethnography

A

Description and study of a single culture.

30
Q

Describe the research method used in cultural anthropology known as “Participant observation”.

A

Method of intensive participation in a culture to observe and collect data. Usually over a long time 1-1.5 years.

Cultural Anthropology (22 decks)

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