Drug Therapy

Question 1

increasing dose does not reduce the time at which peak concentration is reached? True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

what is the therapeutic index

Answer 2

measure of the range at which a drug is safe and active

Question 3

what is meant by the term bioavailability

Answer 3

amount of drug that has reached the circulation and is available for action

Question 4

what is the bioavailability of a drug given intravenously

Answer 4

100%

Question 5

what factors affect bioavailability

Answer 5

ability of drug to pass physiological barriers
first pass metabolism
slow release preparations

Question 6

when a drug leaves the blood stream where can it go

Answer 6

intercellular spaces

intracellular spaces

Question 7

if a drug is bound to a protein is it available for action

Answer 7

no

Question 8

in water an acid will give up its protein to become what

Answer 8

its own conjugate base

Question 9

in water a base will pick up a protein to become what

Answer 9

conjugate acid

Question 10

for drugs to cross the cell membrane what property must they have

Answer 10

must be lipid soluble

Question 11

are ionised or deionised drugs more lipid soluble

Answer 11

deionised drugs

Question 12

acids are best absorbed in what kind of environment

Answer 12

acidic

Question 13

bases are best absorbed in what kind of environment

Answer 13

basic

Question 14

where does the metabolism of drugs usually occur

Answer 14

liver

can occur in the gut,kidney or lung lining

Question 15

what is the purpose of metabolism

Answer 15

to increase water solubility and therefore aid excreation

Question 16

what is the name given to drugs than become activated once metabolised

Answer 16

prodrugs

Question 17

what is the purpose of phase 1 metabolism

Answer 17

to increase the polarity of the compound and provide an active site for phase 2 metabolism

Question 18

5-10% of the population may be immune to the analgesic actions of codeine, why?

Answer 18

the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of codeine to morphine may be absent or reduced in some individuals

Question 19

what happens in phase 2 metabolism

Answer 19

conjugation

Question 20

what factors can effect metabolism

Answer 20

age
sex
ethnicity
pregnancy

Question 21

what are some common enzyme inducers

Answer 21

alcohol

smoking

Question 22

if drug metabolising enzymes are induced what effect does this usually have on the drug

Answer 22

results in decreased drug effect

Question 23

what type of ADR is predictable

Answer 23

Type A- augmented

Question 24

are type B ADR preventable?

Answer 24

no they are unpredictable reactions

Question 25

what is an anticholinergic

Answer 25

a substance that blocks acetylcholine neurotransmitter in the CNS and PNS