52X Upper Limbs

Question 1

Which nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral/anterior aspect of the forearm & what nerve does it originate from?

Answer 1

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of forearm

O: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 2

Which 2 nerves have no branches in the arm?

Answer 2

median

ulnar

Question 3

What is the articular capsule reinforced by and what are their names?

Answer 3

Collateral ligaments;

Radial collateral
ulnar collateral

Question 4

This extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radial notch of the ulna

Answer 4

radial collateral ligament

Question 5

This surrounds the head of the radius?

Answer 5

anular ligament

Question 6

this connects from the medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process & olecranon of ulna?

Answer 6

Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 7

This is a thin, strong, fibrous membrane that joins the radius & ulna of forearm & serves as attachment for som deep forearm muscles

Answer 7

interosseous membrane

Question 8

What type of muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 8

Flexors & pronators

Question 9

What type of muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 9

extensors & supinators

Question 10

The posterior & anterior compartments can be further classified into 2 groups?

Answer 10

superficial & deep

Question 11

Where do the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm originate & what is their function?

Answer 11

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

function: flexion

Question 12

What are the muscles of the superficial anterior compartmet of the forearm?

Answer 12

Flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
PRONATOR TERES

Question 13

What is the Insertion / Action / innervation of Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 13

Insert: radial anterior hand (base of 2nd/3rd metacarpals)
Act: flex & abducts hand @ wrist (radial deviation)
Inner: median nerve

Question 14

The flexor carpi radialis causes flexion & abduction of the hand @ the wrist. what is this known as?

Answer 14

radial deviation

Question 15

What is the insertion / action / inervation of Palmaris Longus?

Answer 15

Insert: flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
Act: flex hand @ wrist & tightens palmar aponeurosis
Inner: median nerve

Question 16

What is the insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

Answer 16

Insert: Ulnar anterior hand carpals (Pisiform, hook of hamate, & base of 5th metacarpal)
Act: Flex & adduct hand @ wrist (Ulnar deviation)
Inner: Ulnar nerve

Question 17

What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Digitorum superficialis?

Answer 17

O: medial epicondyle of humerus & upper radius & ulna
Insert: anterior surface of middle phalanges of fingers (2-5)
Act: flex fingers, flex hand @ wrist
Inner: Median nerve

Question 18

What is the origin insertion action innervation of Pronator teres

Answer 18

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
Inser: radius
Act: pronates forearm @ elbow
Inner: median nerve

Question 19

The muscles of the Deep Anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm all insert @ and function as?

Answer 19

insert on the BASE of distal phalanges

fubction as a flexors

Question 20

What are the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm are?

Answer 20

Flexor Pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

Question 21

What is the origin / insertion / action / innervation of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 21

O: radius & interosseous membrane
Insert: disital phalanx of thumb
Act: flew distal phalanx of thumb
Inner: median nerve

Question 22

What is the origin / insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

Answer 22

O: Ulna & Interosseous membrane
Insert: anterior surface of digits 2-5 distal phalanx
Act: flex fingers @ distal phalanx & assists w/ flexion of hand
inner: median & ulnar nerve

Question 23

What is the difference in insertion sites of flexor digitorum Superficialis & profundus?

Answer 23

FD Superficialis: inserts @ anterior surface of middle phalanges

FD Profundus inserts @ anterior surface of distal phalanges

Question 24

When conducting a test of the flexion of interphalangeal joint this is assessing?

Answer 24

function of flexor digitorum profundus

&/or

median nerve which innervates both FDP & FDS

Question 25

What is characterized by catching, snapping, or locking of involved finger flexor tendon, associated with dysfunction & pain?

Answer 25

Stenosing tenosynovitis "Trigger Finger"

Question 26

What are the muscle, in order from lateral to medial, of the superficial posterior (extensor) compartment?

Answer 26

``` Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi radialis longus Extensor Carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor Carpi ulnaris ```

Question 27

Which muscles of the superficial poterior compartment originate on the more distal portion of humerus & innervated by radial nerve?

Answer 27

Brachioradialis | Extensor Carpi radialis longus

Question 28

Which muscles of the superficial poterior compartment originate on epicondyle of humerus & innervated by deep radial nerve?

Answer 28

Extensor Carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor Carpi ulnaris

Question 29

What is the origin / insertion / action/ innervation of brachioradialis?

Answer 29

O: Humerus Insert: Radius near styloid process Act: flex forearm @ elbow Supinates / Pronates forearm back to neutral Inner: radial nerve

Question 30

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?

Answer 30

O: distal humerus Insert: radial posterior hand base of 2nd metacarpal Act: extends & abducts hand @ wrist ( radial deviation) Inner: radial nerve

Question 31

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Answer 31

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insert: radial posterior hand base of 3rd metacarpal Act: extends & abducts hand @ wrist (radial deviation) Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 32

What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of extensor digitorum?

Answer 32

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus insert: phalanges of digits of medial 4 digits Act: extend digits 2-4 Inner: Deep radial nerve

Question 33

What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of extensor digiti minimi?

Answer 33

O: lateral epichondyle of humerus Insert: phalanx of little finger Act: extends 5th digit Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 34

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 34

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insert: ulnar posterior hand base of 5th metacarpal Act: extends & adducts hand @ wrist (Ulnar deviation) Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 35

What muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the forarm?

Answer 35

``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor Pollicis longus Extensor Pollicis brevis Extensor indicis ```

Question 36

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Abductor pollicis longus?

Answer 36

O: posterior radius & ulna Inser: Base of thum @ 1st metacarpal Act: Abducts & extends thumb Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 37

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor Pollicis brevis?

Answer 37

O: posterior radius & interosseous membrane Insert: proximal phalanx of thumb Act: extends thumb Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 38

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor Pollicis Longus?

Answer 38

O: Posterior Ulna & IM Insert: distal phalanx of thumb Act: extends thumb Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 39

What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor indicis?

Answer 39

O: ulna & IM Insert: Index Act: extends 2nd digit Inner: deep radial nerve

Question 40

Rotating the hand medially so the palm faces posteriorly is what and is a function what nerve?

Answer 40

pronation median nerve

Question 41

rotating the hand laterally so the hand faces anteriorly is what & a function of what nerve?

Answer 41

Supination musculocutaneous & radial nerves

Question 42

Which muscle pronates & supinates back to neutral?

Answer 42

Brachioradialis

Question 43

Because Pronators move the radius their insertion and origins are?

Answer 43

Insertion: radius Origin: ulna

Question 44

What are the pronators of the forearm?

Answer 44

Pronator teres Pronator quadratus Brachioradialis

Question 45

What is the origin insertion action and innervation of pronator teres?

Answer 45

O: medial epicondyle of humerus Insert: radius Act: pronates forearm @ elbow Inner: median nerve

Question 46

What is the origin insertion action and innervation of pronator quadratus?

Answer 46

O: Ulnar (distal shaft) Insert: radius (distal shaft) Act: pronates forearm @ radioulnar joint inner: median nerve

Question 47

What are the Supination muscles?

Answer 47

Supinator muscle biceps brachii brachioradialis

Question 48

What is the origin insertion action and innervation of Supinator muscle?

Answer 48

O; Humerus @ lateral epicondyle & ulna proximal portion Insert: proximal radius Action supinates forearm Inner: deep radial

Question 49

Where does the brachial artery end and what does it divide into?

Answer 49

ends @ inferior part of cubital fossa ulnar & radial arteries

Question 50

What are the superficial veins of the forearm?

Answer 50

Cephalic basilic median antebrachial

Question 51

Assessing the radial pulse is to compress it against the radius between which 2 tendons

Answer 51

flexor carpi radialis & | abductor pollicis longus

Question 52

This is a transverse band that is formed from the antebrachial facia thicking posteriorly over distal ends of radius & ulna is known as?

Answer 52

Retinacula

Question 53

What does the retinacula do?

Answer 53

retains extensor tendons in position & prevents bowstringing

Question 54

These 2 anterior structures of the wrist are also formed by a thickening of the antebrachial fascia

Answer 54

Palmar carpal ligament flexor retinaculum (AKA transverse carpal ligament)

Question 55

The flexor retinaculum streches from where to where?

Answer 55

From scaphoid & trapezium bones on radial side to hamate & pisiform bones on ulnar side

Question 56

What stuctre forms the carpal tunnel?

Answer 56

The carpals and the flexor retinaculum

Question 57

What lies between the the palmar carpal ligament & flexor retinaculum?

Answer 57

Tendon of Palmaris longus muscle & ulnar nerve & artery

Question 58

What tendon lies in the Y-shaped split of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 58

tendon of flexor carpu radialis

Question 59

The tendons of what muscles and what nerve travels through the carpal tunnel

Answer 59

Tendons: Flexor Pollicis longus, flexor digitorum sperficialis, & flexor digitorum profundus Median Nerve

Question 60

What is the most superficial structure of the hand and what is it an extension of?

Answer 60

Palmar aponeurosis extension of the tendon of the palmaris longus

Question 61

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 61

``` Thenar muscles hypothenar muscles adductor muscle lumbrical muscles interosseus muscles ```

Question 62

What muscle compartment controls the thumb & what are the muscles?

Answer 62

Thenar compartment; abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis

Question 63

Where is the thenar eminence locates

Answer 63

lateral surface of the palm

Question 64

what nerve supplies the thenar compartment?

Answer 64

the motor branch of the median nerve (AKA recurrent branch)