5.3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Classification of plants (phylum)
- byrophyta
- filincophyta
- coniferophyta
- angiospermophyta
Byrophyta characteristics (plant classification)
Vegetative organs: rhizoids but no true roots (some with simple stems and leaves, others only have a thallus
Vascular tissue: no xylem or phloem
No cambium, pollen, ovules, seeds, fruits
Filincophyta characteristics
Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
No cambium, pollen, ovules, seeds or fruits
Coniferophyta characteristics (plant classification)
Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
Cambium: present, allows for development of plants into trees and shrubs, secondary thickening of stems
Pollen: produced in male clones
Ovules: seeds are produced and dispersed
No fruits.
Angiospermophyta characteristics (plant classification)
Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
Cambium: present in most, allows for development of plants into trees and shrubs, secondary thickening of stems
Pollen: produced by anthers in flowers
Ovules: seeds produced and dispersed
Fruits: produced for dispersal of seeds mechanically, through wind or animal methods
Classification of animals (phylum)
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Porifera characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: n/a
Symmetry: none
Skeleton: internal specules (skeletal needles)
Segmentation: none
Other: porous, attached to rocks and filter feed
Cnidaria characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: only mouth, no anus
Symmetry: radial
Skeleton: soft, but hard. Corals secrete CaCO3
Segmentation: none
Other: stinging cells and tentacles
Platyhelminthes characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: mouth, no anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: no skeleton, soft
Segmentation: none
Other: flattened body
Mollusca characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: most have a shell made of CaCO3
Segmentation: non-visible segmentation
Annelida characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: internal cavity with fluid under pressure
Segmentation: very segmented
Other: bristles often present
Arthropoda characteristics (animal classification)
Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: exoskeleton, external skeleton made of plates of chitin
Segmentation: segmented
Other: joined appendages
Bony ray-finned fish characteristics
Scales/skin: scales which are bony plates in the skin
Gas exchange: through gills
Limbs: no limbs
Types of limbs: fins
Reproduction: external fertilization in most species
Life cycle: remain in water throughout life cycle
Teeth: teeth fixed into jaws, specialized teeth
Body temperature: do not maintain constant body temperature
Other: scales grow from skin, single gill slit, swim bladder for buoyancy
Amphibian characteristics
Scales/skin: soft moist skin, permeable to water and gases
Gas exchange: simple lungs with small internal folds and moist surfaces
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: external fertilization in water, protective jelly around eggs, larval stage in water
Life cycle: larval stage that lives in water and adult that typically lives on land
Teeth: vomerine teeth (upper jaw, front part of mouth)
Body temperature: do not maintain constant body temperature
Other: soft moist permeable skin
Reptiles characteristics
Scales/skin: impermeable skin covered in scales of sceratin
Gas exchange: lungs with extensive folding
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: internal fertilization, soft egg shells
Teeth: simple teeth with no living tissue
Body temperature: do no maintain constant body temperature
Other: dry scaly impermeable skin
Birds characteristics
Scales/skin: skin with feathers made of keratin
Gas exchange: lungs with parabronchial tubes
Limbs: 6 limbs
Types of limbs: 4 pentadactyl, 2 limbs modified as wings
Reproduction: external fertilization, hard shells around eggs
Teeth: no teeth
Body temperature: maintain constant body temperature
Other: feathers growing from skin, beak no teeth
Mammals characteristics
Scales/skin: skin has follicles with hair made of keratin
Gas exchange: lungs with alveoli
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: internal fertilization, give birth to live young, mammary glands secrete mink
Teeth: teeth with living tissue
Body temperature: maintain constant temperature
Other: hairs growing from skin
Binomial nomenclature
Two named naming system:
Genus species <— if written
Genus species <— if typed
Can subspecies interbreed?
Yes,
Subspecies may interbreed if barrier/challenge (such as distance) is removed
Eg. Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae*)
Three domains of organisms
- Eubacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryote
Eubacteria (domains of organisms)
Nuclear membrane: n/a
Histones associated with DNA: absent
presence of introns: rare/absent
Structure of cell walls: made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; d-form of glycerol
Archaea (domains of organisms)
Nuclear membrane: n/a
Histones associated with DNA: proteins similar to histones bound to DNA
presence of introns: present in some genes
Structure of cell walls: not made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; l-form of glycerol
Eukaryote (domains of organisms)
Nuclear membrane: present
Histones associated with DNA: present
presence of introns: frequent
Structure of cell walls: not made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; d-form of glycerol
Order of classification
(Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup)
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
